Version fix

There is a possible deadlock in `device.Close()` when you try to close
the device very soon after its start. The problem is that two different
methods acquire the same locks in different order:

1. device.Close()
 - device.ipcMutex.Lock()
 - device.state.Lock()

2. device.changeState(deviceState)
 - device.state.Lock()
 - device.ipcMutex.Lock()

Reproducer:

    func TestDevice_deadlock(t *testing.T) {
    	d := randDevice(t)
    	d.Close()
    }

Problem:

    $ go clean -testcache && go test -race -timeout 3s -run TestDevice_deadlock ./device | grep -A 10 sync.runtime_SemacquireMutex
    sync.runtime_SemacquireMutex(0xc000117d20?, 0x94?, 0x0?)
            /usr/local/opt/go/libexec/src/runtime/sema.go:77 +0x25
    sync.(*Mutex).lockSlow(0xc000130518)
            /usr/local/opt/go/libexec/src/sync/mutex.go:171 +0x213
    sync.(*Mutex).Lock(0xc000130518)
            /usr/local/opt/go/libexec/src/sync/mutex.go:90 +0x55
    golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/device.(*Device).Close(0xc000130500)
            /Users/martin.basovnik/git/basovnik/wireguard-go/device/device.go:373 +0xb6
    golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/device.TestDevice_deadlock(0x0?)
            /Users/martin.basovnik/git/basovnik/wireguard-go/device/device_test.go:480 +0x2c
    testing.tRunner(0xc00014c000, 0x131d7b0)
    --
    sync.runtime_SemacquireMutex(0xc000130564?, 0x60?, 0xc000130548?)
            /usr/local/opt/go/libexec/src/runtime/sema.go:77 +0x25
    sync.(*Mutex).lockSlow(0xc000130750)
            /usr/local/opt/go/libexec/src/sync/mutex.go:171 +0x213
    sync.(*Mutex).Lock(0xc000130750)
            /usr/local/opt/go/libexec/src/sync/mutex.go:90 +0x55
    sync.(*RWMutex).Lock(0xc000130750)
            /usr/local/opt/go/libexec/src/sync/rwmutex.go:147 +0x45
    golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/device.(*Device).upLocked(0xc000130500)
            /Users/martin.basovnik/git/basovnik/wireguard-go/device/device.go:179 +0x72
    golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/device.(*Device).changeState(0xc000130500, 0x1)

Signed-off-by: Martin Basovnik <martin.basovnik@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>

Makefile

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ install: wireguard-go
 	@install -v -d "$(DESTDIR)$(BINDIR)" && install -v -m 0755 "$<" "$(DESTDIR)$(BINDIR)/wireguard-go"
 
 test:
-	go test -v ./...
+	go test ./...
 
 clean:
 	rm -f wireguard-go

README.md

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ This will run on OpenBSD. It does not yet support sticky sockets. Fwmark is mapp
 
 ## Building
 
-This requires an installation of [go](https://golang.org) ≥ 1.16.
+This requires an installation of the latest version of [Go](https://go.dev/).
 
 ```
 $ git clone https://git.zx2c4.com/wireguard-go
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ $ make
 
 ## License
 
-    Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+    Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
     
     Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
     this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in

conn/bind_linux.go

@@ -1,585 +0,0 @@
-/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
- */
-
-package conn
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"net"
-	"strconv"
-	"sync"
-	"syscall"
-	"unsafe"
-
-	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
-)
-
-type ipv4Source struct {
-	Src     [4]byte
-	Ifindex int32
-}
-
-type ipv6Source struct {
-	src [16]byte
-	// ifindex belongs in dst.ZoneId
-}
-
-type LinuxSocketEndpoint struct {
-	mu   sync.Mutex
-	dst  [unsafe.Sizeof(unix.SockaddrInet6{})]byte
-	src  [unsafe.Sizeof(ipv6Source{})]byte
-	isV6 bool
-}
-
-func (endpoint *LinuxSocketEndpoint) Src4() *ipv4Source         { return endpoint.src4() }
-func (endpoint *LinuxSocketEndpoint) Dst4() *unix.SockaddrInet4 { return endpoint.dst4() }
-func (endpoint *LinuxSocketEndpoint) IsV6() bool                { return endpoint.isV6 }
-
-func (endpoint *LinuxSocketEndpoint) src4() *ipv4Source {
-	return (*ipv4Source)(unsafe.Pointer(&endpoint.src[0]))
-}
-
-func (endpoint *LinuxSocketEndpoint) src6() *ipv6Source {
-	return (*ipv6Source)(unsafe.Pointer(&endpoint.src[0]))
-}
-
-func (endpoint *LinuxSocketEndpoint) dst4() *unix.SockaddrInet4 {
-	return (*unix.SockaddrInet4)(unsafe.Pointer(&endpoint.dst[0]))
-}
-
-func (endpoint *LinuxSocketEndpoint) dst6() *unix.SockaddrInet6 {
-	return (*unix.SockaddrInet6)(unsafe.Pointer(&endpoint.dst[0]))
-}
-
-// LinuxSocketBind uses sendmsg and recvmsg to implement a full bind with sticky sockets on Linux.
-type LinuxSocketBind struct {
-	// mu guards sock4 and sock6 and the associated fds.
-	// As long as someone holds mu (read or write), the associated fds are valid.
-	mu    sync.RWMutex
-	sock4 int
-	sock6 int
-}
-
-func NewLinuxSocketBind() Bind { return &LinuxSocketBind{sock4: -1, sock6: -1} }
-func NewDefaultBind() Bind     { return NewLinuxSocketBind() }
-
-var _ Endpoint = (*LinuxSocketEndpoint)(nil)
-var _ Bind = (*LinuxSocketBind)(nil)
-
-func (*LinuxSocketBind) ParseEndpoint(s string) (Endpoint, error) {
-	var end LinuxSocketEndpoint
-	addr, err := parseEndpoint(s)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	ipv4 := addr.IP.To4()
-	if ipv4 != nil {
-		dst := end.dst4()
-		end.isV6 = false
-		dst.Port = addr.Port
-		copy(dst.Addr[:], ipv4)
-		end.ClearSrc()
-		return &end, nil
-	}
-
-	ipv6 := addr.IP.To16()
-	if ipv6 != nil {
-		zone, err := zoneToUint32(addr.Zone)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		dst := end.dst6()
-		end.isV6 = true
-		dst.Port = addr.Port
-		dst.ZoneId = zone
-		copy(dst.Addr[:], ipv6[:])
-		end.ClearSrc()
-		return &end, nil
-	}
-
-	return nil, errors.New("invalid IP address")
-}
-
-func (bind *LinuxSocketBind) Open(port uint16) ([]ReceiveFunc, uint16, error) {
-	bind.mu.Lock()
-	defer bind.mu.Unlock()
-
-	var err error
-	var newPort uint16
-	var tries int
-
-	if bind.sock4 != -1 || bind.sock6 != -1 {
-		return nil, 0, ErrBindAlreadyOpen
-	}
-
-	originalPort := port
-
-again:
-	port = originalPort
-	var sock4, sock6 int
-	// Attempt ipv6 bind, update port if successful.
-	sock6, newPort, err = create6(port)
-	if err != nil {
-		if !errors.Is(err, syscall.EAFNOSUPPORT) {
-			return nil, 0, err
-		}
-	} else {
-		port = newPort
-	}
-
-	// Attempt ipv4 bind, update port if successful.
-	sock4, newPort, err = create4(port)
-	if err != nil {
-		if originalPort == 0 && errors.Is(err, syscall.EADDRINUSE) && tries < 100 {
-			unix.Close(sock6)
-			tries++
-			goto again
-		}
-		if !errors.Is(err, syscall.EAFNOSUPPORT) {
-			unix.Close(sock6)
-			return nil, 0, err
-		}
-	} else {
-		port = newPort
-	}
-
-	var fns []ReceiveFunc
-	if sock4 != -1 {
-		bind.sock4 = sock4
-		fns = append(fns, bind.receiveIPv4)
-	}
-	if sock6 != -1 {
-		bind.sock6 = sock6
-		fns = append(fns, bind.receiveIPv6)
-	}
-	if len(fns) == 0 {
-		return nil, 0, syscall.EAFNOSUPPORT
-	}
-	return fns, port, nil
-}
-
-func (bind *LinuxSocketBind) SetMark(value uint32) error {
-	bind.mu.RLock()
-	defer bind.mu.RUnlock()
-
-	if bind.sock6 != -1 {
-		err := unix.SetsockoptInt(
-			bind.sock6,
-			unix.SOL_SOCKET,
-			unix.SO_MARK,
-			int(value),
-		)
-
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	if bind.sock4 != -1 {
-		err := unix.SetsockoptInt(
-			bind.sock4,
-			unix.SOL_SOCKET,
-			unix.SO_MARK,
-			int(value),
-		)
-
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (bind *LinuxSocketBind) Close() error {
-	// Take a readlock to shut down the sockets...
-	bind.mu.RLock()
-	if bind.sock6 != -1 {
-		unix.Shutdown(bind.sock6, unix.SHUT_RDWR)
-	}
-	if bind.sock4 != -1 {
-		unix.Shutdown(bind.sock4, unix.SHUT_RDWR)
-	}
-	bind.mu.RUnlock()
-	// ...and a write lock to close the fd.
-	// This ensures that no one else is using the fd.
-	bind.mu.Lock()
-	defer bind.mu.Unlock()
-	var err1, err2 error
-	if bind.sock6 != -1 {
-		err1 = unix.Close(bind.sock6)
-		bind.sock6 = -1
-	}
-	if bind.sock4 != -1 {
-		err2 = unix.Close(bind.sock4)
-		bind.sock4 = -1
-	}
-
-	if err1 != nil {
-		return err1
-	}
-	return err2
-}
-
-func (bind *LinuxSocketBind) receiveIPv4(buf []byte) (int, Endpoint, error) {
-	bind.mu.RLock()
-	defer bind.mu.RUnlock()
-	if bind.sock4 == -1 {
-		return 0, nil, net.ErrClosed
-	}
-	var end LinuxSocketEndpoint
-	n, err := receive4(bind.sock4, buf, &end)
-	return n, &end, err
-}
-
-func (bind *LinuxSocketBind) receiveIPv6(buf []byte) (int, Endpoint, error) {
-	bind.mu.RLock()
-	defer bind.mu.RUnlock()
-	if bind.sock6 == -1 {
-		return 0, nil, net.ErrClosed
-	}
-	var end LinuxSocketEndpoint
-	n, err := receive6(bind.sock6, buf, &end)
-	return n, &end, err
-}
-
-func (bind *LinuxSocketBind) Send(buff []byte, end Endpoint) error {
-	nend, ok := end.(*LinuxSocketEndpoint)
-	if !ok {
-		return ErrWrongEndpointType
-	}
-	bind.mu.RLock()
-	defer bind.mu.RUnlock()
-	if !nend.isV6 {
-		if bind.sock4 == -1 {
-			return net.ErrClosed
-		}
-		return send4(bind.sock4, nend, buff)
-	} else {
-		if bind.sock6 == -1 {
-			return net.ErrClosed
-		}
-		return send6(bind.sock6, nend, buff)
-	}
-}
-
-func (end *LinuxSocketEndpoint) SrcIP() net.IP {
-	if !end.isV6 {
-		return net.IPv4(
-			end.src4().Src[0],
-			end.src4().Src[1],
-			end.src4().Src[2],
-			end.src4().Src[3],
-		)
-	} else {
-		return end.src6().src[:]
-	}
-}
-
-func (end *LinuxSocketEndpoint) DstIP() net.IP {
-	if !end.isV6 {
-		return net.IPv4(
-			end.dst4().Addr[0],
-			end.dst4().Addr[1],
-			end.dst4().Addr[2],
-			end.dst4().Addr[3],
-		)
-	} else {
-		return end.dst6().Addr[:]
-	}
-}
-
-func (end *LinuxSocketEndpoint) DstToBytes() []byte {
-	if !end.isV6 {
-		return (*[unsafe.Offsetof(end.dst4().Addr) + unsafe.Sizeof(end.dst4().Addr)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(end.dst4()))[:]
-	} else {
-		return (*[unsafe.Offsetof(end.dst6().Addr) + unsafe.Sizeof(end.dst6().Addr)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(end.dst6()))[:]
-	}
-}
-
-func (end *LinuxSocketEndpoint) SrcToString() string {
-	return end.SrcIP().String()
-}
-
-func (end *LinuxSocketEndpoint) DstToString() string {
-	var udpAddr net.UDPAddr
-	udpAddr.IP = end.DstIP()
-	if !end.isV6 {
-		udpAddr.Port = end.dst4().Port
-	} else {
-		udpAddr.Port = end.dst6().Port
-	}
-	return udpAddr.String()
-}
-
-func (end *LinuxSocketEndpoint) ClearDst() {
-	for i := range end.dst {
-		end.dst[i] = 0
-	}
-}
-
-func (end *LinuxSocketEndpoint) ClearSrc() {
-	for i := range end.src {
-		end.src[i] = 0
-	}
-}
-
-func zoneToUint32(zone string) (uint32, error) {
-	if zone == "" {
-		return 0, nil
-	}
-	if intr, err := net.InterfaceByName(zone); err == nil {
-		return uint32(intr.Index), nil
-	}
-	n, err := strconv.ParseUint(zone, 10, 32)
-	return uint32(n), err
-}
-
-func create4(port uint16) (int, uint16, error) {
-
-	// create socket
-
-	fd, err := unix.Socket(
-		unix.AF_INET,
-		unix.SOCK_DGRAM,
-		0,
-	)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return -1, 0, err
-	}
-
-	addr := unix.SockaddrInet4{
-		Port: int(port),
-	}
-
-	// set sockopts and bind
-
-	if err := func() error {
-		if err := unix.SetsockoptInt(
-			fd,
-			unix.IPPROTO_IP,
-			unix.IP_PKTINFO,
-			1,
-		); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		return unix.Bind(fd, &addr)
-	}(); err != nil {
-		unix.Close(fd)
-		return -1, 0, err
-	}
-
-	sa, err := unix.Getsockname(fd)
-	if err == nil {
-		addr.Port = sa.(*unix.SockaddrInet4).Port
-	}
-
-	return fd, uint16(addr.Port), err
-}
-
-func create6(port uint16) (int, uint16, error) {
-
-	// create socket
-
-	fd, err := unix.Socket(
-		unix.AF_INET6,
-		unix.SOCK_DGRAM,
-		0,
-	)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return -1, 0, err
-	}
-
-	// set sockopts and bind
-
-	addr := unix.SockaddrInet6{
-		Port: int(port),
-	}
-
-	if err := func() error {
-		if err := unix.SetsockoptInt(
-			fd,
-			unix.IPPROTO_IPV6,
-			unix.IPV6_RECVPKTINFO,
-			1,
-		); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		if err := unix.SetsockoptInt(
-			fd,
-			unix.IPPROTO_IPV6,
-			unix.IPV6_V6ONLY,
-			1,
-		); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		return unix.Bind(fd, &addr)
-
-	}(); err != nil {
-		unix.Close(fd)
-		return -1, 0, err
-	}
-
-	sa, err := unix.Getsockname(fd)
-	if err == nil {
-		addr.Port = sa.(*unix.SockaddrInet6).Port
-	}
-
-	return fd, uint16(addr.Port), err
-}
-
-func send4(sock int, end *LinuxSocketEndpoint, buff []byte) error {
-
-	// construct message header
-
-	cmsg := struct {
-		cmsghdr unix.Cmsghdr
-		pktinfo unix.Inet4Pktinfo
-	}{
-		unix.Cmsghdr{
-			Level: unix.IPPROTO_IP,
-			Type:  unix.IP_PKTINFO,
-			Len:   unix.SizeofInet4Pktinfo + unix.SizeofCmsghdr,
-		},
-		unix.Inet4Pktinfo{
-			Spec_dst: end.src4().Src,
-			Ifindex:  end.src4().Ifindex,
-		},
-	}
-
-	end.mu.Lock()
-	_, err := unix.SendmsgN(sock, buff, (*[unsafe.Sizeof(cmsg)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&cmsg))[:], end.dst4(), 0)
-	end.mu.Unlock()
-
-	if err == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// clear src and retry
-
-	if err == unix.EINVAL {
-		end.ClearSrc()
-		cmsg.pktinfo = unix.Inet4Pktinfo{}
-		end.mu.Lock()
-		_, err = unix.SendmsgN(sock, buff, (*[unsafe.Sizeof(cmsg)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&cmsg))[:], end.dst4(), 0)
-		end.mu.Unlock()
-	}
-
-	return err
-}
-
-func send6(sock int, end *LinuxSocketEndpoint, buff []byte) error {
-
-	// construct message header
-
-	cmsg := struct {
-		cmsghdr unix.Cmsghdr
-		pktinfo unix.Inet6Pktinfo
-	}{
-		unix.Cmsghdr{
-			Level: unix.IPPROTO_IPV6,
-			Type:  unix.IPV6_PKTINFO,
-			Len:   unix.SizeofInet6Pktinfo + unix.SizeofCmsghdr,
-		},
-		unix.Inet6Pktinfo{
-			Addr:    end.src6().src,
-			Ifindex: end.dst6().ZoneId,
-		},
-	}
-
-	if cmsg.pktinfo.Addr == [16]byte{} {
-		cmsg.pktinfo.Ifindex = 0
-	}
-
-	end.mu.Lock()
-	_, err := unix.SendmsgN(sock, buff, (*[unsafe.Sizeof(cmsg)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&cmsg))[:], end.dst6(), 0)
-	end.mu.Unlock()
-
-	if err == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// clear src and retry
-
-	if err == unix.EINVAL {
-		end.ClearSrc()
-		cmsg.pktinfo = unix.Inet6Pktinfo{}
-		end.mu.Lock()
-		_, err = unix.SendmsgN(sock, buff, (*[unsafe.Sizeof(cmsg)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&cmsg))[:], end.dst6(), 0)
-		end.mu.Unlock()
-	}
-
-	return err
-}
-
-func receive4(sock int, buff []byte, end *LinuxSocketEndpoint) (int, error) {
-
-	// construct message header
-
-	var cmsg struct {
-		cmsghdr unix.Cmsghdr
-		pktinfo unix.Inet4Pktinfo
-	}
-
-	size, _, _, newDst, err := unix.Recvmsg(sock, buff, (*[unsafe.Sizeof(cmsg)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&cmsg))[:], 0)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	end.isV6 = false
-
-	if newDst4, ok := newDst.(*unix.SockaddrInet4); ok {
-		*end.dst4() = *newDst4
-	}
-
-	// update source cache
-
-	if cmsg.cmsghdr.Level == unix.IPPROTO_IP &&
-		cmsg.cmsghdr.Type == unix.IP_PKTINFO &&
-		cmsg.cmsghdr.Len >= unix.SizeofInet4Pktinfo {
-		end.src4().Src = cmsg.pktinfo.Spec_dst
-		end.src4().Ifindex = cmsg.pktinfo.Ifindex
-	}
-
-	return size, nil
-}
-
-func receive6(sock int, buff []byte, end *LinuxSocketEndpoint) (int, error) {
-
-	// construct message header
-
-	var cmsg struct {
-		cmsghdr unix.Cmsghdr
-		pktinfo unix.Inet6Pktinfo
-	}
-
-	size, _, _, newDst, err := unix.Recvmsg(sock, buff, (*[unsafe.Sizeof(cmsg)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&cmsg))[:], 0)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	end.isV6 = true
-
-	if newDst6, ok := newDst.(*unix.SockaddrInet6); ok {
-		*end.dst6() = *newDst6
-	}
-
-	// update source cache
-
-	if cmsg.cmsghdr.Level == unix.IPPROTO_IPV6 &&
-		cmsg.cmsghdr.Type == unix.IPV6_PKTINFO &&
-		cmsg.cmsghdr.Len >= unix.SizeofInet6Pktinfo {
-		end.src6().src = cmsg.pktinfo.Addr
-		end.dst6().ZoneId = cmsg.pktinfo.Ifindex
-	}
-
-	return size, nil
-}

conn/bind_std.go

@@ -1,72 +1,126 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package conn
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"runtime"
+	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 	"syscall"
+
+	"golang.org/x/net/ipv4"
+	"golang.org/x/net/ipv6"
 )
 
-// StdNetBind is meant to be a temporary solution on platforms for which
-// the sticky socket / source caching behavior has not yet been implemented.
-// It uses the Go's net package to implement networking.
-// See LinuxSocketBind for a proper implementation on the Linux platform.
+var (
+	_ Bind = (*StdNetBind)(nil)
+)
+
+// StdNetBind implements Bind for all platforms. While Windows has its own Bind
+// (see bind_windows.go), it may fall back to StdNetBind.
+// TODO: Remove usage of ipv{4,6}.PacketConn when net.UDPConn has comparable
+// methods for sending and receiving multiple datagrams per-syscall. See the
+// proposal in https://github.com/golang/go/issues/45886#issuecomment-1218301564.
 type StdNetBind struct {
-	mu         sync.Mutex // protects following fields
-	ipv4       *net.UDPConn
-	ipv6       *net.UDPConn
+	mu            sync.Mutex // protects all fields except as specified
+	ipv4          *net.UDPConn
+	ipv6          *net.UDPConn
+	ipv4PC        *ipv4.PacketConn // will be nil on non-Linux
+	ipv6PC        *ipv6.PacketConn // will be nil on non-Linux
+	ipv4TxOffload bool
+	ipv4RxOffload bool
+	ipv6TxOffload bool
+	ipv6RxOffload bool
+
+	// these two fields are not guarded by mu
+	udpAddrPool sync.Pool
+	msgsPool    sync.Pool
+
 	blackhole4 bool
 	blackhole6 bool
 }
 
-func NewStdNetBind() Bind { return &StdNetBind{} }
+func NewStdNetBind() Bind {
+	return &StdNetBind{
+		udpAddrPool: sync.Pool{
+			New: func() any {
+				return &net.UDPAddr{
+					IP: make([]byte, 16),
+				}
+			},
+		},
 
-type StdNetEndpoint net.UDPAddr
+		msgsPool: sync.Pool{
+			New: func() any {
+				// ipv6.Message and ipv4.Message are interchangeable as they are
+				// both aliases for x/net/internal/socket.Message.
+				msgs := make([]ipv6.Message, IdealBatchSize)
+				for i := range msgs {
+					msgs[i].Buffers = make(net.Buffers, 1)
+					msgs[i].OOB = make([]byte, 0, stickyControlSize+gsoControlSize)
+				}
+				return &msgs
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
 
-var _ Bind = (*StdNetBind)(nil)
-var _ Endpoint = (*StdNetEndpoint)(nil)
+type StdNetEndpoint struct {
+	// AddrPort is the endpoint destination.
+	netip.AddrPort
+	// src is the current sticky source address and interface index, if
+	// supported. Typically this is a PKTINFO structure from/for control
+	// messages, see unix.PKTINFO for an example.
+	src []byte
+}
+
+var (
+	_ Bind     = (*StdNetBind)(nil)
+	_ Endpoint = &StdNetEndpoint{}
+)
 
 func (*StdNetBind) ParseEndpoint(s string) (Endpoint, error) {
-	addr, err := parseEndpoint(s)
-	return (*StdNetEndpoint)(addr), err
+	e, err := netip.ParseAddrPort(s)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &StdNetEndpoint{
+		AddrPort: e,
+	}, nil
 }
 
-func (*StdNetEndpoint) ClearSrc() {}
-
-func (e *StdNetEndpoint) DstIP() net.IP {
-	return (*net.UDPAddr)(e).IP
+func (e *StdNetEndpoint) ClearSrc() {
+	if e.src != nil {
+		// Truncate src, no need to reallocate.
+		e.src = e.src[:0]
+	}
 }
 
-func (e *StdNetEndpoint) SrcIP() net.IP {
-	return nil // not supported
+func (e *StdNetEndpoint) DstIP() netip.Addr {
+	return e.AddrPort.Addr()
 }
 
+// See control_default,linux, etc for implementations of SrcIP and SrcIfidx.
+
 func (e *StdNetEndpoint) DstToBytes() []byte {
-	addr := (*net.UDPAddr)(e)
-	out := addr.IP.To4()
-	if out == nil {
-		out = addr.IP
-	}
-	out = append(out, byte(addr.Port&0xff))
-	out = append(out, byte((addr.Port>>8)&0xff))
-	return out
+	b, _ := e.AddrPort.MarshalBinary()
+	return b
 }
 
 func (e *StdNetEndpoint) DstToString() string {
-	return (*net.UDPAddr)(e).String()
-}
-
-func (e *StdNetEndpoint) SrcToString() string {
-	return ""
+	return e.AddrPort.String()
 }
 
 func listenNet(network string, port int) (*net.UDPConn, int, error) {
-	conn, err := net.ListenUDP(network, &net.UDPAddr{Port: port})
+	conn, err := listenConfig().ListenPacket(context.Background(), network, ":"+strconv.Itoa(port))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}
@@ -80,17 +134,17 @@ func listenNet(network string, port int) (*net.UDPConn, int, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}
-	return conn, uaddr.Port, nil
+	return conn.(*net.UDPConn), uaddr.Port, nil
 }
 
-func (bind *StdNetBind) Open(uport uint16) ([]ReceiveFunc, uint16, error) {
-	bind.mu.Lock()
-	defer bind.mu.Unlock()
+func (s *StdNetBind) Open(uport uint16) ([]ReceiveFunc, uint16, error) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
 
 	var err error
 	var tries int
 
-	if bind.ipv4 != nil || bind.ipv6 != nil {
+	if s.ipv4 != nil || s.ipv6 != nil {
 		return nil, 0, ErrBindAlreadyOpen
 	}
 
@@ -98,92 +152,207 @@ func (bind *StdNetBind) Open(uport uint16) ([]ReceiveFunc, uint16, error) {
 	// If uport is 0, we can retry on failure.
 again:
 	port := int(uport)
-	var ipv4, ipv6 *net.UDPConn
+	var v4conn, v6conn *net.UDPConn
+	var v4pc *ipv4.PacketConn
+	var v6pc *ipv6.PacketConn
 
-	ipv4, port, err = listenNet("udp4", port)
+	v4conn, port, err = listenNet("udp4", port)
 	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, syscall.EAFNOSUPPORT) {
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}
 
 	// Listen on the same port as we're using for ipv4.
-	ipv6, port, err = listenNet("udp6", port)
+	v6conn, port, err = listenNet("udp6", port)
 	if uport == 0 && errors.Is(err, syscall.EADDRINUSE) && tries < 100 {
-		ipv4.Close()
+		v4conn.Close()
 		tries++
 		goto again
 	}
 	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, syscall.EAFNOSUPPORT) {
-		ipv4.Close()
+		v4conn.Close()
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}
 	var fns []ReceiveFunc
-	if ipv4 != nil {
-		fns = append(fns, bind.makeReceiveIPv4(ipv4))
-		bind.ipv4 = ipv4
+	if v4conn != nil {
+		s.ipv4TxOffload, s.ipv4RxOffload = supportsUDPOffload(v4conn)
+		if runtime.GOOS == "linux" || runtime.GOOS == "android" {
+			v4pc = ipv4.NewPacketConn(v4conn)
+			s.ipv4PC = v4pc
+		}
+		fns = append(fns, s.makeReceiveIPv4(v4pc, v4conn, s.ipv4RxOffload))
+		s.ipv4 = v4conn
 	}
-	if ipv6 != nil {
-		fns = append(fns, bind.makeReceiveIPv6(ipv6))
-		bind.ipv6 = ipv6
+	if v6conn != nil {
+		s.ipv6TxOffload, s.ipv6RxOffload = supportsUDPOffload(v6conn)
+		if runtime.GOOS == "linux" || runtime.GOOS == "android" {
+			v6pc = ipv6.NewPacketConn(v6conn)
+			s.ipv6PC = v6pc
+		}
+		fns = append(fns, s.makeReceiveIPv6(v6pc, v6conn, s.ipv6RxOffload))
+		s.ipv6 = v6conn
 	}
 	if len(fns) == 0 {
 		return nil, 0, syscall.EAFNOSUPPORT
 	}
+
 	return fns, uint16(port), nil
 }
 
-func (bind *StdNetBind) Close() error {
-	bind.mu.Lock()
-	defer bind.mu.Unlock()
+func (s *StdNetBind) putMessages(msgs *[]ipv6.Message) {
+	for i := range *msgs {
+		(*msgs)[i].OOB = (*msgs)[i].OOB[:0]
+		(*msgs)[i] = ipv6.Message{Buffers: (*msgs)[i].Buffers, OOB: (*msgs)[i].OOB}
+	}
+	s.msgsPool.Put(msgs)
+}
+
+func (s *StdNetBind) getMessages() *[]ipv6.Message {
+	return s.msgsPool.Get().(*[]ipv6.Message)
+}
+
+var (
+	// If compilation fails here these are no longer the same underlying type.
+	_ ipv6.Message = ipv4.Message{}
+)
+
+type batchReader interface {
+	ReadBatch([]ipv6.Message, int) (int, error)
+}
+
+type batchWriter interface {
+	WriteBatch([]ipv6.Message, int) (int, error)
+}
+
+func (s *StdNetBind) receiveIP(
+	br batchReader,
+	conn *net.UDPConn,
+	rxOffload bool,
+	bufs [][]byte,
+	sizes []int,
+	eps []Endpoint,
+) (n int, err error) {
+	msgs := s.getMessages()
+	for i := range bufs {
+		(*msgs)[i].Buffers[0] = bufs[i]
+		(*msgs)[i].OOB = (*msgs)[i].OOB[:cap((*msgs)[i].OOB)]
+	}
+	defer s.putMessages(msgs)
+	var numMsgs int
+	if runtime.GOOS == "linux" || runtime.GOOS == "android" {
+		if rxOffload {
+			readAt := len(*msgs) - (IdealBatchSize / udpSegmentMaxDatagrams)
+			numMsgs, err = br.ReadBatch((*msgs)[readAt:], 0)
+			if err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
+			numMsgs, err = splitCoalescedMessages(*msgs, readAt, getGSOSize)
+			if err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
+		} else {
+			numMsgs, err = br.ReadBatch(*msgs, 0)
+			if err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		msg := &(*msgs)[0]
+		msg.N, msg.NN, _, msg.Addr, err = conn.ReadMsgUDP(msg.Buffers[0], msg.OOB)
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		numMsgs = 1
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < numMsgs; i++ {
+		msg := &(*msgs)[i]
+		sizes[i] = msg.N
+		if sizes[i] == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		addrPort := msg.Addr.(*net.UDPAddr).AddrPort()
+		ep := &StdNetEndpoint{AddrPort: addrPort} // TODO: remove allocation
+		getSrcFromControl(msg.OOB[:msg.NN], ep)
+		eps[i] = ep
+	}
+	return numMsgs, nil
+}
+
+func (s *StdNetBind) makeReceiveIPv4(pc *ipv4.PacketConn, conn *net.UDPConn, rxOffload bool) ReceiveFunc {
+	return func(bufs [][]byte, sizes []int, eps []Endpoint) (n int, err error) {
+		return s.receiveIP(pc, conn, rxOffload, bufs, sizes, eps)
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *StdNetBind) makeReceiveIPv6(pc *ipv6.PacketConn, conn *net.UDPConn, rxOffload bool) ReceiveFunc {
+	return func(bufs [][]byte, sizes []int, eps []Endpoint) (n int, err error) {
+		return s.receiveIP(pc, conn, rxOffload, bufs, sizes, eps)
+	}
+}
+
+// TODO: When all Binds handle IdealBatchSize, remove this dynamic function and
+// rename the IdealBatchSize constant to BatchSize.
+func (s *StdNetBind) BatchSize() int {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "linux" || runtime.GOOS == "android" {
+		return IdealBatchSize
+	}
+	return 1
+}
+
+func (s *StdNetBind) Close() error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
 
 	var err1, err2 error
-	if bind.ipv4 != nil {
-		err1 = bind.ipv4.Close()
-		bind.ipv4 = nil
+	if s.ipv4 != nil {
+		err1 = s.ipv4.Close()
+		s.ipv4 = nil
+		s.ipv4PC = nil
 	}
-	if bind.ipv6 != nil {
-		err2 = bind.ipv6.Close()
-		bind.ipv6 = nil
+	if s.ipv6 != nil {
+		err2 = s.ipv6.Close()
+		s.ipv6 = nil
+		s.ipv6PC = nil
 	}
-	bind.blackhole4 = false
-	bind.blackhole6 = false
+	s.blackhole4 = false
+	s.blackhole6 = false
+	s.ipv4TxOffload = false
+	s.ipv4RxOffload = false
+	s.ipv6TxOffload = false
+	s.ipv6RxOffload = false
 	if err1 != nil {
 		return err1
 	}
 	return err2
 }
 
-func (*StdNetBind) makeReceiveIPv4(conn *net.UDPConn) ReceiveFunc {
-	return func(buff []byte) (int, Endpoint, error) {
-		n, endpoint, err := conn.ReadFromUDP(buff)
-		if endpoint != nil {
-			endpoint.IP = endpoint.IP.To4()
-		}
-		return n, (*StdNetEndpoint)(endpoint), err
-	}
+type ErrUDPGSODisabled struct {
+	onLaddr  string
+	RetryErr error
 }
 
-func (*StdNetBind) makeReceiveIPv6(conn *net.UDPConn) ReceiveFunc {
-	return func(buff []byte) (int, Endpoint, error) {
-		n, endpoint, err := conn.ReadFromUDP(buff)
-		return n, (*StdNetEndpoint)(endpoint), err
-	}
+func (e ErrUDPGSODisabled) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("disabled UDP GSO on %s, NIC(s) may not support checksum offload", e.onLaddr)
 }
 
-func (bind *StdNetBind) Send(buff []byte, endpoint Endpoint) error {
-	var err error
-	nend, ok := endpoint.(*StdNetEndpoint)
-	if !ok {
-		return ErrWrongEndpointType
-	}
+func (e ErrUDPGSODisabled) Unwrap() error {
+	return e.RetryErr
+}
 
-	bind.mu.Lock()
-	blackhole := bind.blackhole4
-	conn := bind.ipv4
-	if nend.IP.To4() == nil {
-		blackhole = bind.blackhole6
-		conn = bind.ipv6
+func (s *StdNetBind) Send(bufs [][]byte, endpoint Endpoint) error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	blackhole := s.blackhole4
+	conn := s.ipv4
+	offload := s.ipv4TxOffload
+	br := batchWriter(s.ipv4PC)
+	is6 := false
+	if endpoint.DstIP().Is6() {
+		blackhole = s.blackhole6
+		conn = s.ipv6
+		br = s.ipv6PC
+		is6 = true
+		offload = s.ipv6TxOffload
 	}
-	bind.mu.Unlock()
+	s.mu.Unlock()
 
 	if blackhole {
 		return nil
@@ -191,6 +360,185 @@ func (bind *StdNetBind) Send(buff []byte, endpoint Endpoint) error {
 	if conn == nil {
 		return syscall.EAFNOSUPPORT
 	}
-	_, err = conn.WriteToUDP(buff, (*net.UDPAddr)(nend))
+
+	msgs := s.getMessages()
+	defer s.putMessages(msgs)
+	ua := s.udpAddrPool.Get().(*net.UDPAddr)
+	defer s.udpAddrPool.Put(ua)
+	if is6 {
+		as16 := endpoint.DstIP().As16()
+		copy(ua.IP, as16[:])
+		ua.IP = ua.IP[:16]
+	} else {
+		as4 := endpoint.DstIP().As4()
+		copy(ua.IP, as4[:])
+		ua.IP = ua.IP[:4]
+	}
+	ua.Port = int(endpoint.(*StdNetEndpoint).Port())
+	var (
+		retried bool
+		err     error
+	)
+retry:
+	if offload {
+		n := coalesceMessages(ua, endpoint.(*StdNetEndpoint), bufs, *msgs, setGSOSize)
+		err = s.send(conn, br, (*msgs)[:n])
+		if err != nil && offload && errShouldDisableUDPGSO(err) {
+			offload = false
+			s.mu.Lock()
+			if is6 {
+				s.ipv6TxOffload = false
+			} else {
+				s.ipv4TxOffload = false
+			}
+			s.mu.Unlock()
+			retried = true
+			goto retry
+		}
+	} else {
+		for i := range bufs {
+			(*msgs)[i].Addr = ua
+			(*msgs)[i].Buffers[0] = bufs[i]
+			setSrcControl(&(*msgs)[i].OOB, endpoint.(*StdNetEndpoint))
+		}
+		err = s.send(conn, br, (*msgs)[:len(bufs)])
+	}
+	if retried {
+		return ErrUDPGSODisabled{onLaddr: conn.LocalAddr().String(), RetryErr: err}
+	}
 	return err
 }
+
+func (s *StdNetBind) send(conn *net.UDPConn, pc batchWriter, msgs []ipv6.Message) error {
+	var (
+		n     int
+		err   error
+		start int
+	)
+	if runtime.GOOS == "linux" || runtime.GOOS == "android" {
+		for {
+			n, err = pc.WriteBatch(msgs[start:], 0)
+			if err != nil || n == len(msgs[start:]) {
+				break
+			}
+			start += n
+		}
+	} else {
+		for _, msg := range msgs {
+			_, _, err = conn.WriteMsgUDP(msg.Buffers[0], msg.OOB, msg.Addr.(*net.UDPAddr))
+			if err != nil {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+const (
+	// Exceeding these values results in EMSGSIZE. They account for layer3 and
+	// layer4 headers. IPv6 does not need to account for itself as the payload
+	// length field is self excluding.
+	maxIPv4PayloadLen = 1<<16 - 1 - 20 - 8
+	maxIPv6PayloadLen = 1<<16 - 1 - 8
+
+	// This is a hard limit imposed by the kernel.
+	udpSegmentMaxDatagrams = 64
+)
+
+type setGSOFunc func(control *[]byte, gsoSize uint16)
+
+func coalesceMessages(addr *net.UDPAddr, ep *StdNetEndpoint, bufs [][]byte, msgs []ipv6.Message, setGSO setGSOFunc) int {
+	var (
+		base     = -1 // index of msg we are currently coalescing into
+		gsoSize  int  // segmentation size of msgs[base]
+		dgramCnt int  // number of dgrams coalesced into msgs[base]
+		endBatch bool // tracking flag to start a new batch on next iteration of bufs
+	)
+	maxPayloadLen := maxIPv4PayloadLen
+	if ep.DstIP().Is6() {
+		maxPayloadLen = maxIPv6PayloadLen
+	}
+	for i, buf := range bufs {
+		if i > 0 {
+			msgLen := len(buf)
+			baseLenBefore := len(msgs[base].Buffers[0])
+			freeBaseCap := cap(msgs[base].Buffers[0]) - baseLenBefore
+			if msgLen+baseLenBefore <= maxPayloadLen &&
+				msgLen <= gsoSize &&
+				msgLen <= freeBaseCap &&
+				dgramCnt < udpSegmentMaxDatagrams &&
+				!endBatch {
+				msgs[base].Buffers[0] = append(msgs[base].Buffers[0], buf...)
+				if i == len(bufs)-1 {
+					setGSO(&msgs[base].OOB, uint16(gsoSize))
+				}
+				dgramCnt++
+				if msgLen < gsoSize {
+					// A smaller than gsoSize packet on the tail is legal, but
+					// it must end the batch.
+					endBatch = true
+				}
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+		if dgramCnt > 1 {
+			setGSO(&msgs[base].OOB, uint16(gsoSize))
+		}
+		// Reset prior to incrementing base since we are preparing to start a
+		// new potential batch.
+		endBatch = false
+		base++
+		gsoSize = len(buf)
+		setSrcControl(&msgs[base].OOB, ep)
+		msgs[base].Buffers[0] = buf
+		msgs[base].Addr = addr
+		dgramCnt = 1
+	}
+	return base + 1
+}
+
+type getGSOFunc func(control []byte) (int, error)
+
+func splitCoalescedMessages(msgs []ipv6.Message, firstMsgAt int, getGSO getGSOFunc) (n int, err error) {
+	for i := firstMsgAt; i < len(msgs); i++ {
+		msg := &msgs[i]
+		if msg.N == 0 {
+			return n, err
+		}
+		var (
+			gsoSize    int
+			start      int
+			end        = msg.N
+			numToSplit = 1
+		)
+		gsoSize, err = getGSO(msg.OOB[:msg.NN])
+		if err != nil {
+			return n, err
+		}
+		if gsoSize > 0 {
+			numToSplit = (msg.N + gsoSize - 1) / gsoSize
+			end = gsoSize
+		}
+		for j := 0; j < numToSplit; j++ {
+			if n > i {
+				return n, errors.New("splitting coalesced packet resulted in overflow")
+			}
+			copied := copy(msgs[n].Buffers[0], msg.Buffers[0][start:end])
+			msgs[n].N = copied
+			msgs[n].Addr = msg.Addr
+			start = end
+			end += gsoSize
+			if end > msg.N {
+				end = msg.N
+			}
+			n++
+		}
+		if i != n-1 {
+			// It is legal for bytes to move within msg.Buffers[0] as a result
+			// of splitting, so we only zero the source msg len when it is not
+			// the destination of the last split operation above.
+			msg.N = 0
+		}
+	}
+	return n, nil
+}

conn/bind_std_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+package conn
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+
+	"golang.org/x/net/ipv6"
+)
+
+func TestStdNetBindReceiveFuncAfterClose(t *testing.T) {
+	bind := NewStdNetBind().(*StdNetBind)
+	fns, _, err := bind.Open(0)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	bind.Close()
+	bufs := make([][]byte, 1)
+	bufs[0] = make([]byte, 1)
+	sizes := make([]int, 1)
+	eps := make([]Endpoint, 1)
+	for _, fn := range fns {
+		// The ReceiveFuncs must not access conn-related fields on StdNetBind
+		// unguarded. Close() nils the conn-related fields resulting in a panic
+		// if they violate the mutex.
+		fn(bufs, sizes, eps)
+	}
+}
+
+func mockSetGSOSize(control *[]byte, gsoSize uint16) {
+	*control = (*control)[:cap(*control)]
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint16(*control, gsoSize)
+}
+
+func Test_coalesceMessages(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name     string
+		buffs    [][]byte
+		wantLens []int
+		wantGSO  []int
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "one message no coalesce",
+			buffs: [][]byte{
+				make([]byte, 1, 1),
+			},
+			wantLens: []int{1},
+			wantGSO:  []int{0},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "two messages equal len coalesce",
+			buffs: [][]byte{
+				make([]byte, 1, 2),
+				make([]byte, 1, 1),
+			},
+			wantLens: []int{2},
+			wantGSO:  []int{1},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "two messages unequal len coalesce",
+			buffs: [][]byte{
+				make([]byte, 2, 3),
+				make([]byte, 1, 1),
+			},
+			wantLens: []int{3},
+			wantGSO:  []int{2},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "three messages second unequal len coalesce",
+			buffs: [][]byte{
+				make([]byte, 2, 3),
+				make([]byte, 1, 1),
+				make([]byte, 2, 2),
+			},
+			wantLens: []int{3, 2},
+			wantGSO:  []int{2, 0},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "three messages limited cap coalesce",
+			buffs: [][]byte{
+				make([]byte, 2, 4),
+				make([]byte, 2, 2),
+				make([]byte, 2, 2),
+			},
+			wantLens: []int{4, 2},
+			wantGSO:  []int{2, 0},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range cases {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			addr := &net.UDPAddr{
+				IP:   net.ParseIP("127.0.0.1").To4(),
+				Port: 1,
+			}
+			msgs := make([]ipv6.Message, len(tt.buffs))
+			for i := range msgs {
+				msgs[i].Buffers = make([][]byte, 1)
+				msgs[i].OOB = make([]byte, 0, 2)
+			}
+			got := coalesceMessages(addr, &StdNetEndpoint{AddrPort: addr.AddrPort()}, tt.buffs, msgs, mockSetGSOSize)
+			if got != len(tt.wantLens) {
+				t.Fatalf("got len %d want: %d", got, len(tt.wantLens))
+			}
+			for i := 0; i < got; i++ {
+				if msgs[i].Addr != addr {
+					t.Errorf("msgs[%d].Addr != passed addr", i)
+				}
+				gotLen := len(msgs[i].Buffers[0])
+				if gotLen != tt.wantLens[i] {
+					t.Errorf("len(msgs[%d].Buffers[0]) %d != %d", i, gotLen, tt.wantLens[i])
+				}
+				gotGSO, err := mockGetGSOSize(msgs[i].OOB)
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("msgs[%d] getGSOSize err: %v", i, err)
+				}
+				if gotGSO != tt.wantGSO[i] {
+					t.Errorf("msgs[%d] gsoSize %d != %d", i, gotGSO, tt.wantGSO[i])
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func mockGetGSOSize(control []byte) (int, error) {
+	if len(control) < 2 {
+		return 0, nil
+	}
+	return int(binary.LittleEndian.Uint16(control)), nil
+}
+
+func Test_splitCoalescedMessages(t *testing.T) {
+	newMsg := func(n, gso int) ipv6.Message {
+		msg := ipv6.Message{
+			Buffers: [][]byte{make([]byte, 1<<16-1)},
+			N:       n,
+			OOB:     make([]byte, 2),
+		}
+		binary.LittleEndian.PutUint16(msg.OOB, uint16(gso))
+		if gso > 0 {
+			msg.NN = 2
+		}
+		return msg
+	}
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name        string
+		msgs        []ipv6.Message
+		firstMsgAt  int
+		wantNumEval int
+		wantMsgLens []int
+		wantErr     bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "second last split last empty",
+			msgs: []ipv6.Message{
+				newMsg(0, 0),
+				newMsg(0, 0),
+				newMsg(3, 1),
+				newMsg(0, 0),
+			},
+			firstMsgAt:  2,
+			wantNumEval: 3,
+			wantMsgLens: []int{1, 1, 1, 0},
+			wantErr:     false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "second last no split last empty",
+			msgs: []ipv6.Message{
+				newMsg(0, 0),
+				newMsg(0, 0),
+				newMsg(1, 0),
+				newMsg(0, 0),
+			},
+			firstMsgAt:  2,
+			wantNumEval: 1,
+			wantMsgLens: []int{1, 0, 0, 0},
+			wantErr:     false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "second last no split last no split",
+			msgs: []ipv6.Message{
+				newMsg(0, 0),
+				newMsg(0, 0),
+				newMsg(1, 0),
+				newMsg(1, 0),
+			},
+			firstMsgAt:  2,
+			wantNumEval: 2,
+			wantMsgLens: []int{1, 1, 0, 0},
+			wantErr:     false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "second last no split last split",
+			msgs: []ipv6.Message{
+				newMsg(0, 0),
+				newMsg(0, 0),
+				newMsg(1, 0),
+				newMsg(3, 1),
+			},
+			firstMsgAt:  2,
+			wantNumEval: 4,
+			wantMsgLens: []int{1, 1, 1, 1},
+			wantErr:     false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "second last split last split",
+			msgs: []ipv6.Message{
+				newMsg(0, 0),
+				newMsg(0, 0),
+				newMsg(2, 1),
+				newMsg(2, 1),
+			},
+			firstMsgAt:  2,
+			wantNumEval: 4,
+			wantMsgLens: []int{1, 1, 1, 1},
+			wantErr:     false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "second last no split last split overflow",
+			msgs: []ipv6.Message{
+				newMsg(0, 0),
+				newMsg(0, 0),
+				newMsg(1, 0),
+				newMsg(4, 1),
+			},
+			firstMsgAt:  2,
+			wantNumEval: 4,
+			wantMsgLens: []int{1, 1, 1, 1},
+			wantErr:     true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range cases {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, err := splitCoalescedMessages(tt.msgs, 2, mockGetGSOSize)
+			if err != nil && !tt.wantErr {
+				t.Fatalf("err: %v", err)
+			}
+			if got != tt.wantNumEval {
+				t.Fatalf("got to eval: %d want: %d", got, tt.wantNumEval)
+			}
+			for i, msg := range tt.msgs {
+				if msg.N != tt.wantMsgLens[i] {
+					t.Fatalf("msg[%d].N: %d want: %d", i, msg.N, tt.wantMsgLens[i])
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

conn/bind_windows.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package conn
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/binary"
 	"io"
 	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ type afWinRingBind struct {
 type WinRingBind struct {
 	v4, v6 afWinRingBind
 	mu     sync.RWMutex
-	isOpen uint32
+	isOpen atomic.Uint32 // 0, 1, or 2
 }
 
 func NewDefaultBind() Bind { return NewWinRingBind() }
@@ -90,8 +91,10 @@ type WinRingEndpoint struct {
 	data   [30]byte
 }
 
-var _ Bind = (*WinRingBind)(nil)
-var _ Endpoint = (*WinRingEndpoint)(nil)
+var (
+	_ Bind     = (*WinRingBind)(nil)
+	_ Endpoint = (*WinRingEndpoint)(nil)
+)
 
 func (*WinRingBind) ParseEndpoint(s string) (Endpoint, error) {
 	host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(s)
@@ -128,18 +131,18 @@ func (*WinRingBind) ParseEndpoint(s string) (Endpoint, error) {
 
 func (*WinRingEndpoint) ClearSrc() {}
 
-func (e *WinRingEndpoint) DstIP() net.IP {
+func (e *WinRingEndpoint) DstIP() netip.Addr {
 	switch e.family {
 	case windows.AF_INET:
-		return append([]byte{}, e.data[2:6]...)
+		return netip.AddrFrom4(*(*[4]byte)(e.data[2:6]))
 	case windows.AF_INET6:
-		return append([]byte{}, e.data[6:22]...)
+		return netip.AddrFrom16(*(*[16]byte)(e.data[6:22]))
 	}
-	return nil
+	return netip.Addr{}
 }
 
-func (e *WinRingEndpoint) SrcIP() net.IP {
-	return nil // not supported
+func (e *WinRingEndpoint) SrcIP() netip.Addr {
+	return netip.Addr{} // not supported
 }
 
 func (e *WinRingEndpoint) DstToBytes() []byte {
@@ -161,15 +164,13 @@ func (e *WinRingEndpoint) DstToBytes() []byte {
 func (e *WinRingEndpoint) DstToString() string {
 	switch e.family {
 	case windows.AF_INET:
-		addr := net.UDPAddr{IP: e.data[2:6], Port: int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(e.data[0:2]))}
-		return addr.String()
+		return netip.AddrPortFrom(netip.AddrFrom4(*(*[4]byte)(e.data[2:6])), binary.BigEndian.Uint16(e.data[0:2])).String()
 	case windows.AF_INET6:
 		var zone string
 		if scope := *(*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(&e.data[22])); scope > 0 {
 			zone = strconv.FormatUint(uint64(scope), 10)
 		}
-		addr := net.UDPAddr{IP: e.data[6:22], Zone: zone, Port: int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(e.data[0:2]))}
-		return addr.String()
+		return netip.AddrPortFrom(netip.AddrFrom16(*(*[16]byte)(e.data[6:22])).WithZone(zone), binary.BigEndian.Uint16(e.data[0:2])).String()
 	}
 	return ""
 }
@@ -211,7 +212,7 @@ func (bind *afWinRingBind) CloseAndZero() {
 }
 
 func (bind *WinRingBind) closeAndZero() {
-	atomic.StoreUint32(&bind.isOpen, 0)
+	bind.isOpen.Store(0)
 	bind.v4.CloseAndZero()
 	bind.v6.CloseAndZero()
 }
@@ -275,7 +276,7 @@ func (bind *WinRingBind) Open(port uint16) (recvFns []ReceiveFunc, selectedPort
 			bind.closeAndZero()
 		}
 	}()
-	if atomic.LoadUint32(&bind.isOpen) != 0 {
+	if bind.isOpen.Load() != 0 {
 		return nil, 0, ErrBindAlreadyOpen
 	}
 	var sa windows.Sockaddr
@@ -298,17 +299,17 @@ func (bind *WinRingBind) Open(port uint16) (recvFns []ReceiveFunc, selectedPort
 			return nil, 0, err
 		}
 	}
-	atomic.StoreUint32(&bind.isOpen, 1)
+	bind.isOpen.Store(1)
 	return []ReceiveFunc{bind.receiveIPv4, bind.receiveIPv6}, selectedPort, err
 }
 
 func (bind *WinRingBind) Close() error {
 	bind.mu.RLock()
-	if atomic.LoadUint32(&bind.isOpen) != 1 {
+	if bind.isOpen.Load() != 1 {
 		bind.mu.RUnlock()
 		return nil
 	}
-	atomic.StoreUint32(&bind.isOpen, 2)
+	bind.isOpen.Store(2)
 	windows.PostQueuedCompletionStatus(bind.v4.rx.iocp, 0, 0, nil)
 	windows.PostQueuedCompletionStatus(bind.v4.tx.iocp, 0, 0, nil)
 	windows.PostQueuedCompletionStatus(bind.v6.rx.iocp, 0, 0, nil)
@@ -320,6 +321,13 @@ func (bind *WinRingBind) Close() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// TODO: When all Binds handle IdealBatchSize, remove this dynamic function and
+// rename the IdealBatchSize constant to BatchSize.
+func (bind *WinRingBind) BatchSize() int {
+	// TODO: implement batching in and out of the ring
+	return 1
+}
+
 func (bind *WinRingBind) SetMark(mark uint32) error {
 	return nil
 }
@@ -344,8 +352,8 @@ func (bind *afWinRingBind) InsertReceiveRequest() error {
 //go:linkname procyield runtime.procyield
 func procyield(cycles uint32)
 
-func (bind *afWinRingBind) Receive(buf []byte, isOpen *uint32) (int, Endpoint, error) {
-	if atomic.LoadUint32(isOpen) != 1 {
+func (bind *afWinRingBind) Receive(buf []byte, isOpen *atomic.Uint32) (int, Endpoint, error) {
+	if isOpen.Load() != 1 {
 		return 0, nil, net.ErrClosed
 	}
 	bind.rx.mu.Lock()
@@ -358,7 +366,7 @@ retry:
 	count = 0
 	for tries := 0; count == 0 && tries < receiveSpins; tries++ {
 		if tries > 0 {
-			if atomic.LoadUint32(isOpen) != 1 {
+			if isOpen.Load() != 1 {
 				return 0, nil, net.ErrClosed
 			}
 			procyield(1)
@@ -377,13 +385,12 @@ retry:
 		if err != nil {
 			return 0, nil, err
 		}
-		if atomic.LoadUint32(isOpen) != 1 {
+		if isOpen.Load() != 1 {
 			return 0, nil, net.ErrClosed
 		}
 		count = winrio.DequeueCompletion(bind.rx.cq, results[:])
 		if count == 0 {
 			return 0, nil, io.ErrNoProgress
-
 		}
 	}
 	bind.rx.Return(1)
@@ -395,7 +402,7 @@ retry:
 	// huge packets. Just try again when this happens. The infinite loop this could cause is still limited to
 	// attacker bandwidth, just like the rest of the receive path.
 	if windows.Errno(results[0].Status) == windows.WSAEMSGSIZE {
-		if atomic.LoadUint32(isOpen) != 1 {
+		if isOpen.Load() != 1 {
 			return 0, nil, net.ErrClosed
 		}
 		goto retry
@@ -409,20 +416,26 @@ retry:
 	return n, &ep, nil
 }
 
-func (bind *WinRingBind) receiveIPv4(buf []byte) (int, Endpoint, error) {
+func (bind *WinRingBind) receiveIPv4(bufs [][]byte, sizes []int, eps []Endpoint) (int, error) {
 	bind.mu.RLock()
 	defer bind.mu.RUnlock()
-	return bind.v4.Receive(buf, &bind.isOpen)
+	n, ep, err := bind.v4.Receive(bufs[0], &bind.isOpen)
+	sizes[0] = n
+	eps[0] = ep
+	return 1, err
 }
 
-func (bind *WinRingBind) receiveIPv6(buf []byte) (int, Endpoint, error) {
+func (bind *WinRingBind) receiveIPv6(bufs [][]byte, sizes []int, eps []Endpoint) (int, error) {
 	bind.mu.RLock()
 	defer bind.mu.RUnlock()
-	return bind.v6.Receive(buf, &bind.isOpen)
+	n, ep, err := bind.v6.Receive(bufs[0], &bind.isOpen)
+	sizes[0] = n
+	eps[0] = ep
+	return 1, err
 }
 
-func (bind *afWinRingBind) Send(buf []byte, nend *WinRingEndpoint, isOpen *uint32) error {
-	if atomic.LoadUint32(isOpen) != 1 {
+func (bind *afWinRingBind) Send(buf []byte, nend *WinRingEndpoint, isOpen *atomic.Uint32) error {
+	if isOpen.Load() != 1 {
 		return net.ErrClosed
 	}
 	if len(buf) > bytesPerPacket {
@@ -444,7 +457,7 @@ func (bind *afWinRingBind) Send(buf []byte, nend *WinRingEndpoint, isOpen *uint3
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		if atomic.LoadUint32(isOpen) != 1 {
+		if isOpen.Load() != 1 {
 			return net.ErrClosed
 		}
 		count = winrio.DequeueCompletion(bind.tx.cq, results[:])
@@ -473,32 +486,38 @@ func (bind *afWinRingBind) Send(buf []byte, nend *WinRingEndpoint, isOpen *uint3
 	return winrio.SendEx(bind.rq, dataBuffer, 1, nil, addressBuffer, nil, nil, 0, 0)
 }
 
-func (bind *WinRingBind) Send(buf []byte, endpoint Endpoint) error {
+func (bind *WinRingBind) Send(bufs [][]byte, endpoint Endpoint) error {
 	nend, ok := endpoint.(*WinRingEndpoint)
 	if !ok {
 		return ErrWrongEndpointType
 	}
 	bind.mu.RLock()
 	defer bind.mu.RUnlock()
-	switch nend.family {
-	case windows.AF_INET:
-		if bind.v4.blackhole {
-			return nil
+	for _, buf := range bufs {
+		switch nend.family {
+		case windows.AF_INET:
+			if bind.v4.blackhole {
+				continue
+			}
+			if err := bind.v4.Send(buf, nend, &bind.isOpen); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		case windows.AF_INET6:
+			if bind.v6.blackhole {
+				continue
+			}
+			if err := bind.v6.Send(buf, nend, &bind.isOpen); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
 		}
-		return bind.v4.Send(buf, nend, &bind.isOpen)
-	case windows.AF_INET6:
-		if bind.v6.blackhole {
-			return nil
-		}
-		return bind.v6.Send(buf, nend, &bind.isOpen)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (bind *StdNetBind) BindSocketToInterface4(interfaceIndex uint32, blackhole bool) error {
-	bind.mu.Lock()
-	defer bind.mu.Unlock()
-	sysconn, err := bind.ipv4.SyscallConn()
+func (s *StdNetBind) BindSocketToInterface4(interfaceIndex uint32, blackhole bool) error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	sysconn, err := s.ipv4.SyscallConn()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -511,14 +530,14 @@ func (bind *StdNetBind) BindSocketToInterface4(interfaceIndex uint32, blackhole
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	bind.blackhole4 = blackhole
+	s.blackhole4 = blackhole
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (bind *StdNetBind) BindSocketToInterface6(interfaceIndex uint32, blackhole bool) error {
-	bind.mu.Lock()
-	defer bind.mu.Unlock()
-	sysconn, err := bind.ipv6.SyscallConn()
+func (s *StdNetBind) BindSocketToInterface6(interfaceIndex uint32, blackhole bool) error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	sysconn, err := s.ipv6.SyscallConn()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -531,13 +550,14 @@ func (bind *StdNetBind) BindSocketToInterface6(interfaceIndex uint32, blackhole
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	bind.blackhole6 = blackhole
+	s.blackhole6 = blackhole
 	return nil
 }
+
 func (bind *WinRingBind) BindSocketToInterface4(interfaceIndex uint32, blackhole bool) error {
 	bind.mu.RLock()
 	defer bind.mu.RUnlock()
-	if atomic.LoadUint32(&bind.isOpen) != 1 {
+	if bind.isOpen.Load() != 1 {
 		return net.ErrClosed
 	}
 	err := bindSocketToInterface4(bind.v4.sock, interfaceIndex)
@@ -551,7 +571,7 @@ func (bind *WinRingBind) BindSocketToInterface4(interfaceIndex uint32, blackhole
 func (bind *WinRingBind) BindSocketToInterface6(interfaceIndex uint32, blackhole bool) error {
 	bind.mu.RLock()
 	defer bind.mu.RUnlock()
-	if atomic.LoadUint32(&bind.isOpen) != 1 {
+	if bind.isOpen.Load() != 1 {
 		return net.ErrClosed
 	}
 	err := bindSocketToInterface6(bind.v6.sock, interfaceIndex)

conn/bindtest/bindtest.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2019-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package bindtest
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"math/rand"
 	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 	"os"
-	"strconv"
 
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
 )
@@ -25,8 +25,10 @@ type ChannelBind struct {
 
 type ChannelEndpoint uint16
 
-var _ conn.Bind = (*ChannelBind)(nil)
-var _ conn.Endpoint = (*ChannelEndpoint)(nil)
+var (
+	_ conn.Bind     = (*ChannelBind)(nil)
+	_ conn.Endpoint = (*ChannelEndpoint)(nil)
+)
 
 func NewChannelBinds() [2]conn.Bind {
 	arx4 := make(chan []byte, 8192)
@@ -61,9 +63,9 @@ func (c ChannelEndpoint) DstToString() string { return fmt.Sprintf("127.0.0.1:%d
 
 func (c ChannelEndpoint) DstToBytes() []byte { return []byte{byte(c)} }
 
-func (c ChannelEndpoint) DstIP() net.IP { return net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1) }
+func (c ChannelEndpoint) DstIP() netip.Addr { return netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{127, 0, 0, 1}) }
 
-func (c ChannelEndpoint) SrcIP() net.IP { return nil }
+func (c ChannelEndpoint) SrcIP() netip.Addr { return netip.Addr{} }
 
 func (c *ChannelBind) Open(port uint16) (fns []conn.ReceiveFunc, actualPort uint16, err error) {
 	c.closeSignal = make(chan bool)
@@ -87,45 +89,48 @@ func (c *ChannelBind) Close() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (c *ChannelBind) BatchSize() int { return 1 }
+
 func (c *ChannelBind) SetMark(mark uint32) error { return nil }
 
 func (c *ChannelBind) makeReceiveFunc(ch chan []byte) conn.ReceiveFunc {
-	return func(b []byte) (n int, ep conn.Endpoint, err error) {
+	return func(bufs [][]byte, sizes []int, eps []conn.Endpoint) (n int, err error) {
 		select {
 		case <-c.closeSignal:
-			return 0, nil, net.ErrClosed
+			return 0, net.ErrClosed
 		case rx := <-ch:
-			return copy(b, rx), c.target6, nil
+			copied := copy(bufs[0], rx)
+			sizes[0] = copied
+			eps[0] = c.target6
+			return 1, nil
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-func (c *ChannelBind) Send(b []byte, ep conn.Endpoint) error {
-	select {
-	case <-c.closeSignal:
-		return net.ErrClosed
-	default:
-		bc := make([]byte, len(b))
-		copy(bc, b)
-		if ep.(ChannelEndpoint) == c.target4 {
-			*c.tx4 <- bc
-		} else if ep.(ChannelEndpoint) == c.target6 {
-			*c.tx6 <- bc
-		} else {
-			return os.ErrInvalid
+func (c *ChannelBind) Send(bufs [][]byte, ep conn.Endpoint) error {
+	for _, b := range bufs {
+		select {
+		case <-c.closeSignal:
+			return net.ErrClosed
+		default:
+			bc := make([]byte, len(b))
+			copy(bc, b)
+			if ep.(ChannelEndpoint) == c.target4 {
+				*c.tx4 <- bc
+			} else if ep.(ChannelEndpoint) == c.target6 {
+				*c.tx6 <- bc
+			} else {
+				return os.ErrInvalid
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (c *ChannelBind) ParseEndpoint(s string) (conn.Endpoint, error) {
-	_, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(s)
+	addr, err := netip.ParseAddrPort(s)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	i, err := strconv.ParseUint(port, 10, 16)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return ChannelEndpoint(i), nil
+	return ChannelEndpoint(addr.Port()), nil
 }

conn/boundif_android.go

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package conn
 
-func (bind *StdNetBind) PeekLookAtSocketFd4() (fd int, err error) {
-	sysconn, err := bind.ipv4.SyscallConn()
+func (s *StdNetBind) PeekLookAtSocketFd4() (fd int, err error) {
+	sysconn, err := s.ipv4.SyscallConn()
 	if err != nil {
 		return -1, err
 	}
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ func (bind *StdNetBind) PeekLookAtSocketFd4() (fd int, err error) {
 	return
 }
 
-func (bind *StdNetBind) PeekLookAtSocketFd6() (fd int, err error) {
-	sysconn, err := bind.ipv6.SyscallConn()
+func (s *StdNetBind) PeekLookAtSocketFd6() (fd int, err error) {
+	sysconn, err := s.ipv6.SyscallConn()
 	if err != nil {
 		return -1, err
 	}

conn/conn.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 // Package conn implements WireGuard's network connections.
@@ -9,16 +9,23 @@ package conn
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 	"reflect"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 )
 
-// A ReceiveFunc receives a single inbound packet from the network.
-// It writes the data into b. n is the length of the packet.
-// ep is the remote endpoint.
-type ReceiveFunc func(b []byte) (n int, ep Endpoint, err error)
+const (
+	IdealBatchSize = 128 // maximum number of packets handled per read and write
+)
+
+// A ReceiveFunc receives at least one packet from the network and writes them
+// into packets. On a successful read it returns the number of elements of
+// sizes, packets, and endpoints that should be evaluated. Some elements of
+// sizes may be zero, and callers should ignore them. Callers must pass a sizes
+// and eps slice with a length greater than or equal to the length of packets.
+// These lengths must not exceed the length of the associated Bind.BatchSize().
+type ReceiveFunc func(packets [][]byte, sizes []int, eps []Endpoint) (n int, err error)
 
 // A Bind listens on a port for both IPv6 and IPv4 UDP traffic.
 //
@@ -38,11 +45,16 @@ type Bind interface {
 	// This mark is passed to the kernel as the socket option SO_MARK.
 	SetMark(mark uint32) error
 
-	// Send writes a packet b to address ep.
-	Send(b []byte, ep Endpoint) error
+	// Send writes one or more packets in bufs to address ep. The length of
+	// bufs must not exceed BatchSize().
+	Send(bufs [][]byte, ep Endpoint) error
 
 	// ParseEndpoint creates a new endpoint from a string.
 	ParseEndpoint(s string) (Endpoint, error)
+
+	// BatchSize is the number of buffers expected to be passed to
+	// the ReceiveFuncs, and the maximum expected to be passed to SendBatch.
+	BatchSize() int
 }
 
 // BindSocketToInterface is implemented by Bind objects that support being
@@ -68,8 +80,8 @@ type Endpoint interface {
 	SrcToString() string // returns the local source address (ip:port)
 	DstToString() string // returns the destination address (ip:port)
 	DstToBytes() []byte  // used for mac2 cookie calculations
-	DstIP() net.IP
-	SrcIP() net.IP
+	DstIP() netip.Addr
+	SrcIP() netip.Addr
 }
 
 var (
@@ -119,33 +131,3 @@ func (fn ReceiveFunc) PrettyName() string {
 	}
 	return name
 }
-
-func parseEndpoint(s string) (*net.UDPAddr, error) {
-	// ensure that the host is an IP address
-
-	host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(s)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if i := strings.LastIndexByte(host, '%'); i > 0 && strings.IndexByte(host, ':') >= 0 {
-		// Remove the scope, if any. ResolveUDPAddr below will use it, but here we're just
-		// trying to make sure with a small sanity test that this is a real IP address and
-		// not something that's likely to incur DNS lookups.
-		host = host[:i]
-	}
-	if ip := net.ParseIP(host); ip == nil {
-		return nil, errors.New("Failed to parse IP address: " + host)
-	}
-
-	// parse address and port
-
-	addr, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", s)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	ip4 := addr.IP.To4()
-	if ip4 != nil {
-		addr.IP = ip4
-	}
-	return addr, err
-}

conn/conn_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ */
+
+package conn
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestPrettyName(t *testing.T) {
+	var (
+		recvFunc ReceiveFunc = func(bufs [][]byte, sizes []int, eps []Endpoint) (n int, err error) { return }
+	)
+
+	const want = "TestPrettyName"
+
+	t.Run("ReceiveFunc.PrettyName", func(t *testing.T) {
+		if got := recvFunc.PrettyName(); got != want {
+			t.Errorf("PrettyName() = %v, want %v", got, want)
+		}
+	})
+}

conn/controlfns.go

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ */
+
+package conn
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+// UDP socket read/write buffer size (7MB). The value of 7MB is chosen as it is
+// the max supported by a default configuration of macOS. Some platforms will
+// silently clamp the value to other maximums, such as linux clamping to
+// net.core.{r,w}mem_max (see _linux.go for additional implementation that works
+// around this limitation)
+const socketBufferSize = 7 << 20
+
+// controlFn is the callback function signature from net.ListenConfig.Control.
+// It is used to apply platform specific configuration to the socket prior to
+// bind.
+type controlFn func(network, address string, c syscall.RawConn) error
+
+// controlFns is a list of functions that are called from the listen config
+// that can apply socket options.
+var controlFns = []controlFn{}
+
+// listenConfig returns a net.ListenConfig that applies the controlFns to the
+// socket prior to bind. This is used to apply socket buffer sizing and packet
+// information OOB configuration for sticky sockets.
+func listenConfig() *net.ListenConfig {
+	return &net.ListenConfig{
+		Control: func(network, address string, c syscall.RawConn) error {
+			for _, fn := range controlFns {
+				if err := fn(network, address, c); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+}

conn/controlfns_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ */
+
+package conn
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"runtime"
+	"syscall"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	controlFns = append(controlFns,
+
+		// Attempt to set the socket buffer size beyond net.core.{r,w}mem_max by
+		// using SO_*BUFFORCE. This requires CAP_NET_ADMIN, and is allowed here to
+		// fail silently - the result of failure is lower performance on very fast
+		// links or high latency links.
+		func(network, address string, c syscall.RawConn) error {
+			return c.Control(func(fd uintptr) {
+				// Set up to *mem_max
+				_ = unix.SetsockoptInt(int(fd), unix.SOL_SOCKET, unix.SO_RCVBUF, socketBufferSize)
+				_ = unix.SetsockoptInt(int(fd), unix.SOL_SOCKET, unix.SO_SNDBUF, socketBufferSize)
+				// Set beyond *mem_max if CAP_NET_ADMIN
+				_ = unix.SetsockoptInt(int(fd), unix.SOL_SOCKET, unix.SO_RCVBUFFORCE, socketBufferSize)
+				_ = unix.SetsockoptInt(int(fd), unix.SOL_SOCKET, unix.SO_SNDBUFFORCE, socketBufferSize)
+			})
+		},
+
+		// Enable receiving of the packet information (IP_PKTINFO for IPv4,
+		// IPV6_PKTINFO for IPv6) that is used to implement sticky socket support.
+		func(network, address string, c syscall.RawConn) error {
+			var err error
+			switch network {
+			case "udp4":
+				if runtime.GOOS != "android" {
+					c.Control(func(fd uintptr) {
+						err = unix.SetsockoptInt(int(fd), unix.IPPROTO_IP, unix.IP_PKTINFO, 1)
+					})
+				}
+			case "udp6":
+				c.Control(func(fd uintptr) {
+					if runtime.GOOS != "android" {
+						err = unix.SetsockoptInt(int(fd), unix.IPPROTO_IPV6, unix.IPV6_RECVPKTINFO, 1)
+						if err != nil {
+							return
+						}
+					}
+					err = unix.SetsockoptInt(int(fd), unix.IPPROTO_IPV6, unix.IPV6_V6ONLY, 1)
+				})
+			default:
+				err = fmt.Errorf("unhandled network: %s: %w", network, unix.EINVAL)
+			}
+			return err
+		},
+
+		// Attempt to enable UDP_GRO
+		func(network, address string, c syscall.RawConn) error {
+			c.Control(func(fd uintptr) {
+				_ = unix.SetsockoptInt(int(fd), unix.IPPROTO_UDP, unix.UDP_GRO, 1)
+			})
+			return nil
+		},
+	)
+}

conn/controlfns_unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+//go:build !windows && !linux && !wasm
+
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ */
+
+package conn
+
+import (
+	"syscall"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	controlFns = append(controlFns,
+		func(network, address string, c syscall.RawConn) error {
+			return c.Control(func(fd uintptr) {
+				_ = unix.SetsockoptInt(int(fd), unix.SOL_SOCKET, unix.SO_RCVBUF, socketBufferSize)
+				_ = unix.SetsockoptInt(int(fd), unix.SOL_SOCKET, unix.SO_SNDBUF, socketBufferSize)
+			})
+		},
+
+		func(network, address string, c syscall.RawConn) error {
+			var err error
+			if network == "udp6" {
+				c.Control(func(fd uintptr) {
+					err = unix.SetsockoptInt(int(fd), unix.IPPROTO_IPV6, unix.IPV6_V6ONLY, 1)
+				})
+			}
+			return err
+		},
+	)
+}

conn/controlfns_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ */
+
+package conn
+
+import (
+	"syscall"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	controlFns = append(controlFns,
+		func(network, address string, c syscall.RawConn) error {
+			return c.Control(func(fd uintptr) {
+				_ = windows.SetsockoptInt(windows.Handle(fd), windows.SOL_SOCKET, windows.SO_RCVBUF, socketBufferSize)
+				_ = windows.SetsockoptInt(windows.Handle(fd), windows.SOL_SOCKET, windows.SO_SNDBUF, socketBufferSize)
+			})
+		},
+	)
+}

conn/default.go

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-//go:build !linux && !windows
+//go:build !windows
 
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2019-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package conn

conn/errors_default.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//go:build !linux
+
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ */
+
+package conn
+
+func errShouldDisableUDPGSO(err error) bool {
+	return false
+}

conn/errors_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ */
+
+package conn
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+func errShouldDisableUDPGSO(err error) bool {
+	var serr *os.SyscallError
+	if errors.As(err, &serr) {
+		// EIO is returned by udp_send_skb() if the device driver does not have
+		// tx checksumming enabled, which is a hard requirement of UDP_SEGMENT.
+		// See:
+		// https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/docs/man-pages/man-pages.git/tree/man7/udp.7?id=806eabd74910447f21005160e90957bde4db0183#n228
+		// https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/net/ipv4/udp.c?h=v6.2&id=c9c3395d5e3dcc6daee66c6908354d47bf98cb0c#n942
+		return serr.Err == unix.EIO
+	}
+	return false
+}

conn/features_default.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//go:build !linux
+// +build !linux
+
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ */
+
+package conn
+
+import "net"
+
+func supportsUDPOffload(conn *net.UDPConn) (txOffload, rxOffload bool) {
+	return
+}

conn/features_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ */
+
+package conn
+
+import (
+	"net"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+func supportsUDPOffload(conn *net.UDPConn) (txOffload, rxOffload bool) {
+	rc, err := conn.SyscallConn()
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	err = rc.Control(func(fd uintptr) {
+		_, errSyscall := unix.GetsockoptInt(int(fd), unix.IPPROTO_UDP, unix.UDP_SEGMENT)
+		txOffload = errSyscall == nil
+		opt, errSyscall := unix.GetsockoptInt(int(fd), unix.IPPROTO_UDP, unix.UDP_GRO)
+		rxOffload = errSyscall == nil && opt == 1
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, false
+	}
+	return txOffload, rxOffload
+}

conn/gso_default.go

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//go:build !linux
+
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ */
+
+package conn
+
+// getGSOSize parses control for UDP_GRO and if found returns its GSO size data.
+func getGSOSize(control []byte) (int, error) {
+	return 0, nil
+}
+
+// setGSOSize sets a UDP_SEGMENT in control based on gsoSize.
+func setGSOSize(control *[]byte, gsoSize uint16) {
+}
+
+// gsoControlSize returns the recommended buffer size for pooling sticky and UDP
+// offloading control data.
+const gsoControlSize = 0

conn/gso_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ */
+
+package conn
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+const (
+	sizeOfGSOData = 2
+)
+
+// getGSOSize parses control for UDP_GRO and if found returns its GSO size data.
+func getGSOSize(control []byte) (int, error) {
+	var (
+		hdr  unix.Cmsghdr
+		data []byte
+		rem  = control
+		err  error
+	)
+
+	for len(rem) > unix.SizeofCmsghdr {
+		hdr, data, rem, err = unix.ParseOneSocketControlMessage(rem)
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, fmt.Errorf("error parsing socket control message: %w", err)
+		}
+		if hdr.Level == unix.SOL_UDP && hdr.Type == unix.UDP_GRO && len(data) >= sizeOfGSOData {
+			var gso uint16
+			copy(unsafe.Slice((*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&gso)), sizeOfGSOData), data[:sizeOfGSOData])
+			return int(gso), nil
+		}
+	}
+	return 0, nil
+}
+
+// setGSOSize sets a UDP_SEGMENT in control based on gsoSize. It leaves existing
+// data in control untouched.
+func setGSOSize(control *[]byte, gsoSize uint16) {
+	existingLen := len(*control)
+	avail := cap(*control) - existingLen
+	space := unix.CmsgSpace(sizeOfGSOData)
+	if avail < space {
+		return
+	}
+	*control = (*control)[:cap(*control)]
+	gsoControl := (*control)[existingLen:]
+	hdr := (*unix.Cmsghdr)(unsafe.Pointer(&(gsoControl)[0]))
+	hdr.Level = unix.SOL_UDP
+	hdr.Type = unix.UDP_SEGMENT
+	hdr.SetLen(unix.CmsgLen(sizeOfGSOData))
+	copy((gsoControl)[unix.CmsgLen(0):], unsafe.Slice((*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&gsoSize)), sizeOfGSOData))
+	*control = (*control)[:existingLen+space]
+}
+
+// gsoControlSize returns the recommended buffer size for pooling UDP
+// offloading control data.
+var gsoControlSize = unix.CmsgSpace(sizeOfGSOData)

conn/mark_default.go

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package conn
 
-func (bind *StdNetBind) SetMark(mark uint32) error {
+func (s *StdNetBind) SetMark(mark uint32) error {
 	return nil
 }

conn/mark_unix.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package conn
@@ -26,13 +26,13 @@ func init() {
 	}
 }
 
-func (bind *StdNetBind) SetMark(mark uint32) error {
+func (s *StdNetBind) SetMark(mark uint32) error {
 	var operr error
 	if fwmarkIoctl == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
-	if bind.ipv4 != nil {
-		fd, err := bind.ipv4.SyscallConn()
+	if s.ipv4 != nil {
+		fd, err := s.ipv4.SyscallConn()
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ func (bind *StdNetBind) SetMark(mark uint32) error {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
-	if bind.ipv6 != nil {
-		fd, err := bind.ipv6.SyscallConn()
+	if s.ipv6 != nil {
+		fd, err := s.ipv6.SyscallConn()
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

conn/sticky_default.go

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+//go:build !linux || android
+
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ */
+
+package conn
+
+import "net/netip"
+
+func (e *StdNetEndpoint) SrcIP() netip.Addr {
+	return netip.Addr{}
+}
+
+func (e *StdNetEndpoint) SrcIfidx() int32 {
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (e *StdNetEndpoint) SrcToString() string {
+	return ""
+}
+
+// TODO: macOS, FreeBSD and other BSDs likely do support the sticky sockets
+// {get,set}srcControl feature set, but use alternatively named flags and need
+// ports and require testing.
+
+// getSrcFromControl parses the control for PKTINFO and if found updates ep with
+// the source information found.
+func getSrcFromControl(control []byte, ep *StdNetEndpoint) {
+}
+
+// setSrcControl parses the control for PKTINFO and if found updates ep with
+// the source information found.
+func setSrcControl(control *[]byte, ep *StdNetEndpoint) {
+}
+
+// stickyControlSize returns the recommended buffer size for pooling sticky
+// offloading control data.
+const stickyControlSize = 0
+
+const StdNetSupportsStickySockets = false

conn/sticky_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+//go:build linux && !android
+
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ */
+
+package conn
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+func (e *StdNetEndpoint) SrcIP() netip.Addr {
+	switch len(e.src) {
+	case unix.CmsgSpace(unix.SizeofInet4Pktinfo):
+		info := (*unix.Inet4Pktinfo)(unsafe.Pointer(&e.src[unix.CmsgLen(0)]))
+		return netip.AddrFrom4(info.Spec_dst)
+	case unix.CmsgSpace(unix.SizeofInet6Pktinfo):
+		info := (*unix.Inet6Pktinfo)(unsafe.Pointer(&e.src[unix.CmsgLen(0)]))
+		// TODO: set zone. in order to do so we need to check if the address is
+		// link local, and if it is perform a syscall to turn the ifindex into a
+		// zone string because netip uses string zones.
+		return netip.AddrFrom16(info.Addr)
+	}
+	return netip.Addr{}
+}
+
+func (e *StdNetEndpoint) SrcIfidx() int32 {
+	switch len(e.src) {
+	case unix.CmsgSpace(unix.SizeofInet4Pktinfo):
+		info := (*unix.Inet4Pktinfo)(unsafe.Pointer(&e.src[unix.CmsgLen(0)]))
+		return info.Ifindex
+	case unix.CmsgSpace(unix.SizeofInet6Pktinfo):
+		info := (*unix.Inet6Pktinfo)(unsafe.Pointer(&e.src[unix.CmsgLen(0)]))
+		return int32(info.Ifindex)
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (e *StdNetEndpoint) SrcToString() string {
+	return e.SrcIP().String()
+}
+
+// getSrcFromControl parses the control for PKTINFO and if found updates ep with
+// the source information found.
+func getSrcFromControl(control []byte, ep *StdNetEndpoint) {
+	ep.ClearSrc()
+
+	var (
+		hdr  unix.Cmsghdr
+		data []byte
+		rem  []byte = control
+		err  error
+	)
+
+	for len(rem) > unix.SizeofCmsghdr {
+		hdr, data, rem, err = unix.ParseOneSocketControlMessage(rem)
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+
+		if hdr.Level == unix.IPPROTO_IP &&
+			hdr.Type == unix.IP_PKTINFO {
+
+			if ep.src == nil || cap(ep.src) < unix.CmsgSpace(unix.SizeofInet4Pktinfo) {
+				ep.src = make([]byte, 0, unix.CmsgSpace(unix.SizeofInet4Pktinfo))
+			}
+			ep.src = ep.src[:unix.CmsgSpace(unix.SizeofInet4Pktinfo)]
+
+			hdrBuf := unsafe.Slice((*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&hdr)), unix.SizeofCmsghdr)
+			copy(ep.src, hdrBuf)
+			copy(ep.src[unix.CmsgLen(0):], data)
+			return
+		}
+
+		if hdr.Level == unix.IPPROTO_IPV6 &&
+			hdr.Type == unix.IPV6_PKTINFO {
+
+			if ep.src == nil || cap(ep.src) < unix.CmsgSpace(unix.SizeofInet6Pktinfo) {
+				ep.src = make([]byte, 0, unix.CmsgSpace(unix.SizeofInet6Pktinfo))
+			}
+
+			ep.src = ep.src[:unix.CmsgSpace(unix.SizeofInet6Pktinfo)]
+
+			hdrBuf := unsafe.Slice((*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&hdr)), unix.SizeofCmsghdr)
+			copy(ep.src, hdrBuf)
+			copy(ep.src[unix.CmsgLen(0):], data)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// setSrcControl sets an IP{V6}_PKTINFO in control based on the source address
+// and source ifindex found in ep. control's len will be set to 0 in the event
+// that ep is a default value.
+func setSrcControl(control *[]byte, ep *StdNetEndpoint) {
+	if cap(*control) < len(ep.src) {
+		return
+	}
+	*control = (*control)[:0]
+	*control = append(*control, ep.src...)
+}
+
+// stickyControlSize returns the recommended buffer size for pooling sticky
+// offloading control data.
+var stickyControlSize = unix.CmsgSpace(unix.SizeofInet6Pktinfo)
+
+const StdNetSupportsStickySockets = true

conn/sticky_linux_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+//go:build linux && !android
+
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ */
+
+package conn
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"runtime"
+	"testing"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+func setSrc(ep *StdNetEndpoint, addr netip.Addr, ifidx int32) {
+	var buf []byte
+	if addr.Is4() {
+		buf = make([]byte, unix.CmsgSpace(unix.SizeofInet4Pktinfo))
+		hdr := unix.Cmsghdr{
+			Level: unix.IPPROTO_IP,
+			Type:  unix.IP_PKTINFO,
+		}
+		hdr.SetLen(unix.CmsgLen(unix.SizeofInet4Pktinfo))
+		copy(buf, unsafe.Slice((*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&hdr)), int(unsafe.Sizeof(hdr))))
+
+		info := unix.Inet4Pktinfo{
+			Ifindex:  ifidx,
+			Spec_dst: addr.As4(),
+		}
+		copy(buf[unix.CmsgLen(0):], unsafe.Slice((*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&info)), unix.SizeofInet4Pktinfo))
+	} else {
+		buf = make([]byte, unix.CmsgSpace(unix.SizeofInet6Pktinfo))
+		hdr := unix.Cmsghdr{
+			Level: unix.IPPROTO_IPV6,
+			Type:  unix.IPV6_PKTINFO,
+		}
+		hdr.SetLen(unix.CmsgLen(unix.SizeofInet6Pktinfo))
+		copy(buf, unsafe.Slice((*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&hdr)), int(unsafe.Sizeof(hdr))))
+
+		info := unix.Inet6Pktinfo{
+			Ifindex: uint32(ifidx),
+			Addr:    addr.As16(),
+		}
+		copy(buf[unix.CmsgLen(0):], unsafe.Slice((*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&info)), unix.SizeofInet6Pktinfo))
+	}
+
+	ep.src = buf
+}
+
+func Test_setSrcControl(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("IPv4", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ep := &StdNetEndpoint{
+			AddrPort: netip.MustParseAddrPort("127.0.0.1:1234"),
+		}
+		setSrc(ep, netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.1"), 5)
+
+		control := make([]byte, stickyControlSize)
+
+		setSrcControl(&control, ep)
+
+		hdr := (*unix.Cmsghdr)(unsafe.Pointer(&control[0]))
+		if hdr.Level != unix.IPPROTO_IP {
+			t.Errorf("unexpected level: %d", hdr.Level)
+		}
+		if hdr.Type != unix.IP_PKTINFO {
+			t.Errorf("unexpected type: %d", hdr.Type)
+		}
+		if uint(hdr.Len) != uint(unix.CmsgLen(int(unsafe.Sizeof(unix.Inet4Pktinfo{})))) {
+			t.Errorf("unexpected length: %d", hdr.Len)
+		}
+		info := (*unix.Inet4Pktinfo)(unsafe.Pointer(&control[unix.CmsgLen(0)]))
+		if info.Spec_dst[0] != 127 || info.Spec_dst[1] != 0 || info.Spec_dst[2] != 0 || info.Spec_dst[3] != 1 {
+			t.Errorf("unexpected address: %v", info.Spec_dst)
+		}
+		if info.Ifindex != 5 {
+			t.Errorf("unexpected ifindex: %d", info.Ifindex)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("IPv6", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ep := &StdNetEndpoint{
+			AddrPort: netip.MustParseAddrPort("[::1]:1234"),
+		}
+		setSrc(ep, netip.MustParseAddr("::1"), 5)
+
+		control := make([]byte, stickyControlSize)
+
+		setSrcControl(&control, ep)
+
+		hdr := (*unix.Cmsghdr)(unsafe.Pointer(&control[0]))
+		if hdr.Level != unix.IPPROTO_IPV6 {
+			t.Errorf("unexpected level: %d", hdr.Level)
+		}
+		if hdr.Type != unix.IPV6_PKTINFO {
+			t.Errorf("unexpected type: %d", hdr.Type)
+		}
+		if uint(hdr.Len) != uint(unix.CmsgLen(int(unsafe.Sizeof(unix.Inet6Pktinfo{})))) {
+			t.Errorf("unexpected length: %d", hdr.Len)
+		}
+		info := (*unix.Inet6Pktinfo)(unsafe.Pointer(&control[unix.CmsgLen(0)]))
+		if info.Addr != ep.SrcIP().As16() {
+			t.Errorf("unexpected address: %v", info.Addr)
+		}
+		if info.Ifindex != 5 {
+			t.Errorf("unexpected ifindex: %d", info.Ifindex)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("ClearOnNoSrc", func(t *testing.T) {
+		control := make([]byte, stickyControlSize)
+		hdr := (*unix.Cmsghdr)(unsafe.Pointer(&control[0]))
+		hdr.Level = 1
+		hdr.Type = 2
+		hdr.Len = 3
+
+		setSrcControl(&control, &StdNetEndpoint{})
+
+		if len(control) != 0 {
+			t.Errorf("unexpected control: %v", control)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func Test_getSrcFromControl(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("IPv4", func(t *testing.T) {
+		control := make([]byte, stickyControlSize)
+		hdr := (*unix.Cmsghdr)(unsafe.Pointer(&control[0]))
+		hdr.Level = unix.IPPROTO_IP
+		hdr.Type = unix.IP_PKTINFO
+		hdr.SetLen(unix.CmsgLen(int(unsafe.Sizeof(unix.Inet4Pktinfo{}))))
+		info := (*unix.Inet4Pktinfo)(unsafe.Pointer(&control[unix.CmsgLen(0)]))
+		info.Spec_dst = [4]byte{127, 0, 0, 1}
+		info.Ifindex = 5
+
+		ep := &StdNetEndpoint{}
+		getSrcFromControl(control, ep)
+
+		if ep.SrcIP() != netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.1") {
+			t.Errorf("unexpected address: %v", ep.SrcIP())
+		}
+		if ep.SrcIfidx() != 5 {
+			t.Errorf("unexpected ifindex: %d", ep.SrcIfidx())
+		}
+	})
+	t.Run("IPv6", func(t *testing.T) {
+		control := make([]byte, stickyControlSize)
+		hdr := (*unix.Cmsghdr)(unsafe.Pointer(&control[0]))
+		hdr.Level = unix.IPPROTO_IPV6
+		hdr.Type = unix.IPV6_PKTINFO
+		hdr.SetLen(unix.CmsgLen(int(unsafe.Sizeof(unix.Inet6Pktinfo{}))))
+		info := (*unix.Inet6Pktinfo)(unsafe.Pointer(&control[unix.CmsgLen(0)]))
+		info.Addr = [16]byte{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}
+		info.Ifindex = 5
+
+		ep := &StdNetEndpoint{}
+		getSrcFromControl(control, ep)
+
+		if ep.SrcIP() != netip.MustParseAddr("::1") {
+			t.Errorf("unexpected address: %v", ep.SrcIP())
+		}
+		if ep.SrcIfidx() != 5 {
+			t.Errorf("unexpected ifindex: %d", ep.SrcIfidx())
+		}
+	})
+	t.Run("ClearOnEmpty", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var control []byte
+		ep := &StdNetEndpoint{}
+		setSrc(ep, netip.MustParseAddr("::1"), 5)
+
+		getSrcFromControl(control, ep)
+		if ep.SrcIP().IsValid() {
+			t.Errorf("unexpected address: %v", ep.SrcIP())
+		}
+		if ep.SrcIfidx() != 0 {
+			t.Errorf("unexpected ifindex: %d", ep.SrcIfidx())
+		}
+	})
+	t.Run("Multiple", func(t *testing.T) {
+		zeroControl := make([]byte, unix.CmsgSpace(0))
+		zeroHdr := (*unix.Cmsghdr)(unsafe.Pointer(&zeroControl[0]))
+		zeroHdr.SetLen(unix.CmsgLen(0))
+
+		control := make([]byte, unix.CmsgSpace(unix.SizeofInet4Pktinfo))
+		hdr := (*unix.Cmsghdr)(unsafe.Pointer(&control[0]))
+		hdr.Level = unix.IPPROTO_IP
+		hdr.Type = unix.IP_PKTINFO
+		hdr.SetLen(unix.CmsgLen(int(unsafe.Sizeof(unix.Inet4Pktinfo{}))))
+		info := (*unix.Inet4Pktinfo)(unsafe.Pointer(&control[unix.CmsgLen(0)]))
+		info.Spec_dst = [4]byte{127, 0, 0, 1}
+		info.Ifindex = 5
+
+		combined := make([]byte, 0)
+		combined = append(combined, zeroControl...)
+		combined = append(combined, control...)
+
+		ep := &StdNetEndpoint{}
+		getSrcFromControl(combined, ep)
+
+		if ep.SrcIP() != netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.1") {
+			t.Errorf("unexpected address: %v", ep.SrcIP())
+		}
+		if ep.SrcIfidx() != 5 {
+			t.Errorf("unexpected ifindex: %d", ep.SrcIfidx())
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func Test_listenConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("IPv4", func(t *testing.T) {
+		conn, err := listenConfig().ListenPacket(context.Background(), "udp4", ":0")
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		defer conn.Close()
+		sc, err := conn.(*net.UDPConn).SyscallConn()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
+			var i int
+			sc.Control(func(fd uintptr) {
+				i, err = unix.GetsockoptInt(int(fd), unix.IPPROTO_IP, unix.IP_PKTINFO)
+			})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			if i != 1 {
+				t.Error("IP_PKTINFO not set!")
+			}
+		} else {
+			t.Logf("listenConfig() does not set IPV6_RECVPKTINFO on %s", runtime.GOOS)
+		}
+	})
+	t.Run("IPv6", func(t *testing.T) {
+		conn, err := listenConfig().ListenPacket(context.Background(), "udp6", ":0")
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		sc, err := conn.(*net.UDPConn).SyscallConn()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
+			var i int
+			sc.Control(func(fd uintptr) {
+				i, err = unix.GetsockoptInt(int(fd), unix.IPPROTO_IPV6, unix.IPV6_RECVPKTINFO)
+			})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			if i != 1 {
+				t.Error("IPV6_PKTINFO not set!")
+			}
+		} else {
+			t.Logf("listenConfig() does not set IPV6_RECVPKTINFO on %s", runtime.GOOS)
+		}
+	})
+}

conn/winrio/rio_windows.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package winrio
@@ -84,8 +84,10 @@ type iocpNotificationCompletion struct {
 	overlapped     *windows.Overlapped
 }
 
-var initialized sync.Once
-var available bool
+var (
+	initialized sync.Once
+	available   bool
+)
 
 func Initialize() bool {
 	initialized.Do(func() {
@@ -108,7 +110,7 @@ func Initialize() bool {
 			return
 		}
 		defer windows.CloseHandle(socket)
-		var WSAID_MULTIPLE_RIO = &windows.GUID{0x8509e081, 0x96dd, 0x4005, [8]byte{0xb1, 0x65, 0x9e, 0x2e, 0xe8, 0xc7, 0x9e, 0x3f}}
+		WSAID_MULTIPLE_RIO := &windows.GUID{0x8509e081, 0x96dd, 0x4005, [8]byte{0xb1, 0x65, 0x9e, 0x2e, 0xe8, 0xc7, 0x9e, 0x3f}}
 		const SIO_GET_MULTIPLE_EXTENSION_FUNCTION_POINTER = 0xc8000024
 		ob := uint32(0)
 		err = windows.WSAIoctl(socket, SIO_GET_MULTIPLE_EXTENSION_FUNCTION_POINTER,

device/alignment_test.go

@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
- */
-
-package device
-
-import (
-	"reflect"
-	"testing"
-	"unsafe"
-)
-
-func checkAlignment(t *testing.T, name string, offset uintptr) {
-	t.Helper()
-	if offset%8 != 0 {
-		t.Errorf("offset of %q within struct is %d bytes, which does not align to 64-bit word boundaries (missing %d bytes). Atomic operations will crash on 32-bit systems.", name, offset, 8-(offset%8))
-	}
-}
-
-// TestPeerAlignment checks that atomically-accessed fields are
-// aligned to 64-bit boundaries, as required by the atomic package.
-//
-// Unfortunately, violating this rule on 32-bit platforms results in a
-// hard segfault at runtime.
-func TestPeerAlignment(t *testing.T) {
-	var p Peer
-
-	typ := reflect.TypeOf(&p).Elem()
-	t.Logf("Peer type size: %d, with fields:", typ.Size())
-	for i := 0; i < typ.NumField(); i++ {
-		field := typ.Field(i)
-		t.Logf("\t%30s\toffset=%3v\t(type size=%3d, align=%d)",
-			field.Name,
-			field.Offset,
-			field.Type.Size(),
-			field.Type.Align(),
-		)
-	}
-
-	checkAlignment(t, "Peer.stats", unsafe.Offsetof(p.stats))
-	checkAlignment(t, "Peer.isRunning", unsafe.Offsetof(p.isRunning))
-}
-
-// TestDeviceAlignment checks that atomically-accessed fields are
-// aligned to 64-bit boundaries, as required by the atomic package.
-//
-// Unfortunately, violating this rule on 32-bit platforms results in a
-// hard segfault at runtime.
-func TestDeviceAlignment(t *testing.T) {
-	var d Device
-
-	typ := reflect.TypeOf(&d).Elem()
-	t.Logf("Device type size: %d, with fields:", typ.Size())
-	for i := 0; i < typ.NumField(); i++ {
-		field := typ.Field(i)
-		t.Logf("\t%30s\toffset=%3v\t(type size=%3d, align=%d)",
-			field.Name,
-			field.Offset,
-			field.Type.Size(),
-			field.Type.Align(),
-		)
-	}
-	checkAlignment(t, "Device.rate.underLoadUntil", unsafe.Offsetof(d.rate)+unsafe.Offsetof(d.rate.underLoadUntil))
-}

device/allowedips.go

@@ -1,15 +1,17 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
 
 import (
 	"container/list"
+	"encoding/binary"
 	"errors"
 	"math/bits"
 	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 	"sync"
 	"unsafe"
 )
@@ -26,49 +28,28 @@ type trieEntry struct {
 	cidr        uint8
 	bitAtByte   uint8
 	bitAtShift  uint8
-	bits        net.IP
+	bits        []byte
 	perPeerElem *list.Element
 }
 
-func isLittleEndian() bool {
-	one := uint32(1)
-	return *(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&one)) != 0
-}
-
-func swapU32(i uint32) uint32 {
-	if !isLittleEndian() {
-		return i
-	}
-
-	return bits.ReverseBytes32(i)
-}
-
-func swapU64(i uint64) uint64 {
-	if !isLittleEndian() {
-		return i
-	}
-
-	return bits.ReverseBytes64(i)
-}
-
-func commonBits(ip1 net.IP, ip2 net.IP) uint8 {
+func commonBits(ip1, ip2 []byte) uint8 {
 	size := len(ip1)
 	if size == net.IPv4len {
-		a := (*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(&ip1[0]))
-		b := (*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(&ip2[0]))
-		x := *a ^ *b
-		return uint8(bits.LeadingZeros32(swapU32(x)))
+		a := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(ip1)
+		b := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(ip2)
+		x := a ^ b
+		return uint8(bits.LeadingZeros32(x))
 	} else if size == net.IPv6len {
-		a := (*uint64)(unsafe.Pointer(&ip1[0]))
-		b := (*uint64)(unsafe.Pointer(&ip2[0]))
-		x := *a ^ *b
+		a := binary.BigEndian.Uint64(ip1)
+		b := binary.BigEndian.Uint64(ip2)
+		x := a ^ b
 		if x != 0 {
-			return uint8(bits.LeadingZeros64(swapU64(x)))
+			return uint8(bits.LeadingZeros64(x))
 		}
-		a = (*uint64)(unsafe.Pointer(&ip1[8]))
-		b = (*uint64)(unsafe.Pointer(&ip2[8]))
-		x = *a ^ *b
-		return 64 + uint8(bits.LeadingZeros64(swapU64(x)))
+		a = binary.BigEndian.Uint64(ip1[8:])
+		b = binary.BigEndian.Uint64(ip2[8:])
+		x = a ^ b
+		return 64 + uint8(bits.LeadingZeros64(x))
 	} else {
 		panic("Wrong size bit string")
 	}
@@ -85,7 +66,7 @@ func (node *trieEntry) removeFromPeerEntries() {
 	}
 }
 
-func (node *trieEntry) choose(ip net.IP) byte {
+func (node *trieEntry) choose(ip []byte) byte {
 	return (ip[node.bitAtByte] >> node.bitAtShift) & 1
 }
 
@@ -104,7 +85,7 @@ func (node *trieEntry) zeroizePointers() {
 	node.parent.parentBit = nil
 }
 
-func (node *trieEntry) nodePlacement(ip net.IP, cidr uint8) (parent *trieEntry, exact bool) {
+func (node *trieEntry) nodePlacement(ip []byte, cidr uint8) (parent *trieEntry, exact bool) {
 	for node != nil && node.cidr <= cidr && commonBits(node.bits, ip) >= node.cidr {
 		parent = node
 		if parent.cidr == cidr {
@@ -117,7 +98,7 @@ func (node *trieEntry) nodePlacement(ip net.IP, cidr uint8) (parent *trieEntry,
 	return
 }
 
-func (trie parentIndirection) insert(ip net.IP, cidr uint8, peer *Peer) {
+func (trie parentIndirection) insert(ip []byte, cidr uint8, peer *Peer) {
 	if *trie.parentBit == nil {
 		node := &trieEntry{
 			peer:       peer,
@@ -207,7 +188,7 @@ func (trie parentIndirection) insert(ip net.IP, cidr uint8, peer *Peer) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (node *trieEntry) lookup(ip net.IP) *Peer {
+func (node *trieEntry) lookup(ip []byte) *Peer {
 	var found *Peer
 	size := uint8(len(ip))
 	for node != nil && commonBits(node.bits, ip) >= node.cidr {
@@ -229,13 +210,14 @@ type AllowedIPs struct {
 	mutex sync.RWMutex
 }
 
-func (table *AllowedIPs) EntriesForPeer(peer *Peer, cb func(ip net.IP, cidr uint8) bool) {
+func (table *AllowedIPs) EntriesForPeer(peer *Peer, cb func(prefix netip.Prefix) bool) {
 	table.mutex.RLock()
 	defer table.mutex.RUnlock()
 
 	for elem := peer.trieEntries.Front(); elem != nil; elem = elem.Next() {
 		node := elem.Value.(*trieEntry)
-		if !cb(node.bits, node.cidr) {
+		a, _ := netip.AddrFromSlice(node.bits)
+		if !cb(netip.PrefixFrom(a, int(node.cidr))) {
 			return
 		}
 	}
@@ -283,28 +265,29 @@ func (table *AllowedIPs) RemoveByPeer(peer *Peer) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (table *AllowedIPs) Insert(ip net.IP, cidr uint8, peer *Peer) {
+func (table *AllowedIPs) Insert(prefix netip.Prefix, peer *Peer) {
 	table.mutex.Lock()
 	defer table.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	switch len(ip) {
-	case net.IPv6len:
-		parentIndirection{&table.IPv6, 2}.insert(ip, cidr, peer)
-	case net.IPv4len:
-		parentIndirection{&table.IPv4, 2}.insert(ip, cidr, peer)
-	default:
+	if prefix.Addr().Is6() {
+		ip := prefix.Addr().As16()
+		parentIndirection{&table.IPv6, 2}.insert(ip[:], uint8(prefix.Bits()), peer)
+	} else if prefix.Addr().Is4() {
+		ip := prefix.Addr().As4()
+		parentIndirection{&table.IPv4, 2}.insert(ip[:], uint8(prefix.Bits()), peer)
+	} else {
 		panic(errors.New("inserting unknown address type"))
 	}
 }
 
-func (table *AllowedIPs) Lookup(address []byte) *Peer {
+func (table *AllowedIPs) Lookup(ip []byte) *Peer {
 	table.mutex.RLock()
 	defer table.mutex.RUnlock()
-	switch len(address) {
+	switch len(ip) {
 	case net.IPv6len:
-		return table.IPv6.lookup(address)
+		return table.IPv6.lookup(ip)
 	case net.IPv4len:
-		return table.IPv4.lookup(address)
+		return table.IPv4.lookup(ip)
 	default:
 		panic(errors.New("looking up unknown address type"))
 	}

device/allowedips_rand_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ package device
 import (
 	"math/rand"
 	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 	"sort"
 	"testing"
 )
@@ -93,14 +94,14 @@ func TestTrieRandom(t *testing.T) {
 		rand.Read(addr4[:])
 		cidr := uint8(rand.Intn(32) + 1)
 		index := rand.Intn(NumberOfPeers)
-		allowedIPs.Insert(addr4[:], cidr, peers[index])
+		allowedIPs.Insert(netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom4(addr4), int(cidr)), peers[index])
 		slow4 = slow4.Insert(addr4[:], cidr, peers[index])
 
 		var addr6 [16]byte
 		rand.Read(addr6[:])
 		cidr = uint8(rand.Intn(128) + 1)
 		index = rand.Intn(NumberOfPeers)
-		allowedIPs.Insert(addr6[:], cidr, peers[index])
+		allowedIPs.Insert(netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom16(addr6), int(cidr)), peers[index])
 		slow6 = slow6.Insert(addr6[:], cidr, peers[index])
 	}
 

device/allowedips_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ package device
 import (
 	"math/rand"
 	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 	"testing"
 )
 
@@ -18,7 +19,6 @@ type testPairCommonBits struct {
 }
 
 func TestCommonBits(t *testing.T) {
-
 	tests := []testPairCommonBits{
 		{s1: []byte{1, 4, 53, 128}, s2: []byte{0, 0, 0, 0}, match: 7},
 		{s1: []byte{0, 4, 53, 128}, s2: []byte{0, 0, 0, 0}, match: 13},
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ func TestCommonBits(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func benchmarkTrie(peerNumber int, addressNumber int, addressLength int, b *testing.B) {
+func benchmarkTrie(peerNumber, addressNumber, addressLength int, b *testing.B) {
 	var trie *trieEntry
 	var peers []*Peer
 	root := parentIndirection{&trie, 2}
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ func TestTrieIPv4(t *testing.T) {
 	var allowedIPs AllowedIPs
 
 	insert := func(peer *Peer, a, b, c, d byte, cidr uint8) {
-		allowedIPs.Insert([]byte{a, b, c, d}, cidr, peer)
+		allowedIPs.Insert(netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{a, b, c, d}), int(cidr)), peer)
 	}
 
 	assertEQ := func(peer *Peer, a, b, c, d byte) {
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ func TestTrieIPv6(t *testing.T) {
 		addr = append(addr, expand(b)...)
 		addr = append(addr, expand(c)...)
 		addr = append(addr, expand(d)...)
-		allowedIPs.Insert(addr, cidr, peer)
+		allowedIPs.Insert(netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom16(*(*[16]byte)(addr)), int(cidr)), peer)
 	}
 
 	assertEQ := func(peer *Peer, a, b, c, d uint32) {

device/bind_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
@@ -26,21 +26,21 @@ func (b *DummyBind) SetMark(v uint32) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (b *DummyBind) ReceiveIPv6(buff []byte) (int, conn.Endpoint, error) {
+func (b *DummyBind) ReceiveIPv6(buf []byte) (int, conn.Endpoint, error) {
 	datagram, ok := <-b.in6
 	if !ok {
 		return 0, nil, errors.New("closed")
 	}
-	copy(buff, datagram.msg)
+	copy(buf, datagram.msg)
 	return len(datagram.msg), datagram.endpoint, nil
 }
 
-func (b *DummyBind) ReceiveIPv4(buff []byte) (int, conn.Endpoint, error) {
+func (b *DummyBind) ReceiveIPv4(buf []byte) (int, conn.Endpoint, error) {
 	datagram, ok := <-b.in4
 	if !ok {
 		return 0, nil, errors.New("closed")
 	}
-	copy(buff, datagram.msg)
+	copy(buf, datagram.msg)
 	return len(datagram.msg), datagram.endpoint, nil
 }
 
@@ -51,6 +51,6 @@ func (b *DummyBind) Close() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (b *DummyBind) Send(buff []byte, end conn.Endpoint) error {
+func (b *DummyBind) Send(buf []byte, end conn.Endpoint) error {
 	return nil
 }

device/channels.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ import (
 // call wg.Done to remove the initial reference.
 // When the refcount hits 0, the queue's channel is closed.
 type outboundQueue struct {
-	c  chan *QueueOutboundElement
+	c  chan *QueueOutboundElementsContainer
 	wg sync.WaitGroup
 }
 
 func newOutboundQueue() *outboundQueue {
 	q := &outboundQueue{
-		c: make(chan *QueueOutboundElement, QueueOutboundSize),
+		c: make(chan *QueueOutboundElementsContainer, QueueOutboundSize),
 	}
 	q.wg.Add(1)
 	go func() {
@@ -37,13 +37,13 @@ func newOutboundQueue() *outboundQueue {
 
 // A inboundQueue is similar to an outboundQueue; see those docs.
 type inboundQueue struct {
-	c  chan *QueueInboundElement
+	c  chan *QueueInboundElementsContainer
 	wg sync.WaitGroup
 }
 
 func newInboundQueue() *inboundQueue {
 	q := &inboundQueue{
-		c: make(chan *QueueInboundElement, QueueInboundSize),
+		c: make(chan *QueueInboundElementsContainer, QueueInboundSize),
 	}
 	q.wg.Add(1)
 	go func() {
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ func newHandshakeQueue() *handshakeQueue {
 }
 
 type autodrainingInboundQueue struct {
-	c chan *QueueInboundElement
+	c chan *QueueInboundElementsContainer
 }
 
 // newAutodrainingInboundQueue returns a channel that will be drained when it gets GC'd.
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ type autodrainingInboundQueue struct {
 // some other means, such as sending a sentinel nil values.
 func newAutodrainingInboundQueue(device *Device) *autodrainingInboundQueue {
 	q := &autodrainingInboundQueue{
-		c: make(chan *QueueInboundElement, QueueInboundSize),
+		c: make(chan *QueueInboundElementsContainer, QueueInboundSize),
 	}
 	runtime.SetFinalizer(q, device.flushInboundQueue)
 	return q
@@ -90,10 +90,13 @@ func newAutodrainingInboundQueue(device *Device) *autodrainingInboundQueue {
 func (device *Device) flushInboundQueue(q *autodrainingInboundQueue) {
 	for {
 		select {
-		case elem := <-q.c:
-			elem.Lock()
-			device.PutMessageBuffer(elem.buffer)
-			device.PutInboundElement(elem)
+		case elemsContainer := <-q.c:
+			elemsContainer.Lock()
+			for _, elem := range elemsContainer.elems {
+				device.PutMessageBuffer(elem.buffer)
+				device.PutInboundElement(elem)
+			}
+			device.PutInboundElementsContainer(elemsContainer)
 		default:
 			return
 		}
@@ -101,7 +104,7 @@ func (device *Device) flushInboundQueue(q *autodrainingInboundQueue) {
 }
 
 type autodrainingOutboundQueue struct {
-	c chan *QueueOutboundElement
+	c chan *QueueOutboundElementsContainer
 }
 
 // newAutodrainingOutboundQueue returns a channel that will be drained when it gets GC'd.
@@ -111,7 +114,7 @@ type autodrainingOutboundQueue struct {
 // All sends to the channel must be best-effort, because there may be no receivers.
 func newAutodrainingOutboundQueue(device *Device) *autodrainingOutboundQueue {
 	q := &autodrainingOutboundQueue{
-		c: make(chan *QueueOutboundElement, QueueOutboundSize),
+		c: make(chan *QueueOutboundElementsContainer, QueueOutboundSize),
 	}
 	runtime.SetFinalizer(q, device.flushOutboundQueue)
 	return q
@@ -120,10 +123,13 @@ func newAutodrainingOutboundQueue(device *Device) *autodrainingOutboundQueue {
 func (device *Device) flushOutboundQueue(q *autodrainingOutboundQueue) {
 	for {
 		select {
-		case elem := <-q.c:
-			elem.Lock()
-			device.PutMessageBuffer(elem.buffer)
-			device.PutOutboundElement(elem)
+		case elemsContainer := <-q.c:
+			elemsContainer.Lock()
+			for _, elem := range elemsContainer.elems {
+				device.PutMessageBuffer(elem.buffer)
+				device.PutOutboundElement(elem)
+			}
+			device.PutOutboundElementsContainer(elemsContainer)
 		default:
 			return
 		}

device/constants.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device

device/cookie.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ func (st *CookieChecker) CheckMAC1(msg []byte) bool {
 	return hmac.Equal(mac1[:], msg[smac1:smac2])
 }
 
-func (st *CookieChecker) CheckMAC2(msg []byte, src []byte) bool {
+func (st *CookieChecker) CheckMAC2(msg, src []byte) bool {
 	st.RLock()
 	defer st.RUnlock()
 
@@ -119,7 +119,6 @@ func (st *CookieChecker) CreateReply(
 	recv uint32,
 	src []byte,
 ) (*MessageCookieReply, error) {
-
 	st.RLock()
 
 	// refresh cookie secret
@@ -204,7 +203,6 @@ func (st *CookieGenerator) ConsumeReply(msg *MessageCookieReply) bool {
 
 	xchapoly, _ := chacha20poly1305.NewX(st.mac2.encryptionKey[:])
 	_, err := xchapoly.Open(cookie[:0], msg.Nonce[:], msg.Cookie[:], st.mac2.lastMAC1[:])
-
 	if err != nil {
 		return false
 	}
@@ -215,7 +213,6 @@ func (st *CookieGenerator) ConsumeReply(msg *MessageCookieReply) bool {
 }
 
 func (st *CookieGenerator) AddMacs(msg []byte) {
-
 	size := len(msg)
 
 	smac2 := size - blake2s.Size128

device/cookie_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestCookieMAC1(t *testing.T) {
-
 	// setup generator / checker
 
 	var (
@@ -132,12 +131,12 @@ func TestCookieMAC1(t *testing.T) {
 
 		msg[5] ^= 0x20
 
-		srcBad1 := []byte{192, 168, 13, 37, 40, 01}
+		srcBad1 := []byte{192, 168, 13, 37, 40, 1}
 		if checker.CheckMAC2(msg, srcBad1) {
 			t.Fatal("MAC2 generation/verification failed")
 		}
 
-		srcBad2 := []byte{192, 168, 13, 38, 40, 01}
+		srcBad2 := []byte{192, 168, 13, 38, 40, 1}
 		if checker.CheckMAC2(msg, srcBad2) {
 			t.Fatal("MAC2 generation/verification failed")
 		}

device/device.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ type Device struct {
 		// will become the actual state; Up can fail.
 		// The device can also change state multiple times between time of check and time of use.
 		// Unsynchronized uses of state must therefore be advisory/best-effort only.
-		state uint32 // actually a deviceState, but typed uint32 for convenience
+		state atomic.Uint32 // actually a deviceState, but typed uint32 for convenience
 		// stopping blocks until all inputs to Device have been closed.
 		stopping sync.WaitGroup
 		// mu protects state changes.
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ type Device struct {
 		netlinkCancel *rwcancel.RWCancel
 		port          uint16 // listening port
 		fwmark        uint32 // mark value (0 = disabled)
+		brokenRoaming bool
 	}
 
 	staticIdentity struct {
@@ -52,24 +53,26 @@ type Device struct {
 		publicKey  NoisePublicKey
 	}
 
-	rate struct {
-		underLoadUntil int64
-		limiter        ratelimiter.Ratelimiter
-	}
-
 	peers struct {
 		sync.RWMutex // protects keyMap
 		keyMap       map[NoisePublicKey]*Peer
 	}
 
+	rate struct {
+		underLoadUntil atomic.Int64
+		limiter        ratelimiter.Ratelimiter
+	}
+
 	allowedips    AllowedIPs
 	indexTable    IndexTable
 	cookieChecker CookieChecker
 
 	pool struct {
-		messageBuffers   *WaitPool
-		inboundElements  *WaitPool
-		outboundElements *WaitPool
+		inboundElementsContainer  *WaitPool
+		outboundElementsContainer *WaitPool
+		messageBuffers            *WaitPool
+		inboundElements           *WaitPool
+		outboundElements          *WaitPool
 	}
 
 	queue struct {
@@ -80,7 +83,7 @@ type Device struct {
 
 	tun struct {
 		device tun.Device
-		mtu    int32
+		mtu    atomic.Int32
 	}
 
 	ipcMutex sync.RWMutex
@@ -92,10 +95,9 @@ type Device struct {
 // There are three states: down, up, closed.
 // Transitions:
 //
-//   down -----+
-//     ↑↓      ↓
-//     up -> closed
-//
+//	down -----+
+//	  ↑↓      ↓
+//	  up -> closed
 type deviceState uint32
 
 //go:generate go run golang.org/x/tools/cmd/stringer -type deviceState -trimprefix=deviceState
@@ -108,7 +110,7 @@ const (
 // deviceState returns device.state.state as a deviceState
 // See those docs for how to interpret this value.
 func (device *Device) deviceState() deviceState {
-	return deviceState(atomic.LoadUint32(&device.state.state))
+	return deviceState(device.state.state.Load())
 }
 
 // isClosed reports whether the device is closed (or is closing).
@@ -147,14 +149,14 @@ func (device *Device) changeState(want deviceState) (err error) {
 	case old:
 		return nil
 	case deviceStateUp:
-		atomic.StoreUint32(&device.state.state, uint32(deviceStateUp))
+		device.state.state.Store(uint32(deviceStateUp))
 		err = device.upLocked()
 		if err == nil {
 			break
 		}
 		fallthrough // up failed; bring the device all the way back down
 	case deviceStateDown:
-		atomic.StoreUint32(&device.state.state, uint32(deviceStateDown))
+		device.state.state.Store(uint32(deviceStateDown))
 		errDown := device.downLocked()
 		if err == nil {
 			err = errDown
@@ -172,10 +174,15 @@ func (device *Device) upLocked() error {
 		return err
 	}
 
+	// The IPC set operation waits for peers to be created before calling Start() on them,
+	// so if there's a concurrent IPC set request happening, we should wait for it to complete.
+	device.ipcMutex.Lock()
+	defer device.ipcMutex.Unlock()
+
 	device.peers.RLock()
 	for _, peer := range device.peers.keyMap {
 		peer.Start()
-		if atomic.LoadUint32(&peer.persistentKeepaliveInterval) > 0 {
+		if peer.persistentKeepaliveInterval.Load() > 0 {
 			peer.SendKeepalive()
 		}
 	}
@@ -212,11 +219,11 @@ func (device *Device) IsUnderLoad() bool {
 	now := time.Now()
 	underLoad := len(device.queue.handshake.c) >= QueueHandshakeSize/8
 	if underLoad {
-		atomic.StoreInt64(&device.rate.underLoadUntil, now.Add(UnderLoadAfterTime).UnixNano())
+		device.rate.underLoadUntil.Store(now.Add(UnderLoadAfterTime).UnixNano())
 		return true
 	}
 	// check if recently under load
-	return atomic.LoadInt64(&device.rate.underLoadUntil) > now.UnixNano()
+	return device.rate.underLoadUntil.Load() > now.UnixNano()
 }
 
 func (device *Device) SetPrivateKey(sk NoisePrivateKey) error {
@@ -260,7 +267,7 @@ func (device *Device) SetPrivateKey(sk NoisePrivateKey) error {
 	expiredPeers := make([]*Peer, 0, len(device.peers.keyMap))
 	for _, peer := range device.peers.keyMap {
 		handshake := &peer.handshake
-		handshake.precomputedStaticStatic = device.staticIdentity.privateKey.sharedSecret(handshake.remoteStatic)
+		handshake.precomputedStaticStatic, _ = device.staticIdentity.privateKey.sharedSecret(handshake.remoteStatic)
 		expiredPeers = append(expiredPeers, peer)
 	}
 
@@ -276,7 +283,7 @@ func (device *Device) SetPrivateKey(sk NoisePrivateKey) error {
 
 func NewDevice(tunDevice tun.Device, bind conn.Bind, logger *Logger) *Device {
 	device := new(Device)
-	device.state.state = uint32(deviceStateDown)
+	device.state.state.Store(uint32(deviceStateDown))
 	device.closed = make(chan struct{})
 	device.log = logger
 	device.net.bind = bind
@@ -286,10 +293,11 @@ func NewDevice(tunDevice tun.Device, bind conn.Bind, logger *Logger) *Device {
 		device.log.Errorf("Trouble determining MTU, assuming default: %v", err)
 		mtu = DefaultMTU
 	}
-	device.tun.mtu = int32(mtu)
+	device.tun.mtu.Store(int32(mtu))
 	device.peers.keyMap = make(map[NoisePublicKey]*Peer)
 	device.rate.limiter.Init()
 	device.indexTable.Init()
+
 	device.PopulatePools()
 
 	// create queues
@@ -317,6 +325,19 @@ func NewDevice(tunDevice tun.Device, bind conn.Bind, logger *Logger) *Device {
 	return device
 }
 
+// BatchSize returns the BatchSize for the device as a whole which is the max of
+// the bind batch size and the tun batch size. The batch size reported by device
+// is the size used to construct memory pools, and is the allowed batch size for
+// the lifetime of the device.
+func (device *Device) BatchSize() int {
+	size := device.net.bind.BatchSize()
+	dSize := device.tun.device.BatchSize()
+	if size < dSize {
+		size = dSize
+	}
+	return size
+}
+
 func (device *Device) LookupPeer(pk NoisePublicKey) *Peer {
 	device.peers.RLock()
 	defer device.peers.RUnlock()
@@ -349,10 +370,12 @@ func (device *Device) RemoveAllPeers() {
 func (device *Device) Close() {
 	device.state.Lock()
 	defer device.state.Unlock()
+	device.ipcMutex.Lock()
+	defer device.ipcMutex.Unlock()
 	if device.isClosed() {
 		return
 	}
-	atomic.StoreUint32(&device.state.state, uint32(deviceStateClosed))
+	device.state.state.Store(uint32(deviceStateClosed))
 	device.log.Verbosef("Device closing")
 
 	device.tun.device.Close()
@@ -438,11 +461,7 @@ func (device *Device) BindSetMark(mark uint32) error {
 	// clear cached source addresses
 	device.peers.RLock()
 	for _, peer := range device.peers.keyMap {
-		peer.Lock()
-		defer peer.Unlock()
-		if peer.endpoint != nil {
-			peer.endpoint.ClearSrc()
-		}
+		peer.markEndpointSrcForClearing()
 	}
 	device.peers.RUnlock()
 
@@ -467,11 +486,13 @@ func (device *Device) BindUpdate() error {
 	var err error
 	var recvFns []conn.ReceiveFunc
 	netc := &device.net
+
 	recvFns, netc.port, err = netc.bind.Open(netc.port)
 	if err != nil {
 		netc.port = 0
 		return err
 	}
+
 	netc.netlinkCancel, err = device.startRouteListener(netc.bind)
 	if err != nil {
 		netc.bind.Close()
@@ -490,11 +511,7 @@ func (device *Device) BindUpdate() error {
 	// clear cached source addresses
 	device.peers.RLock()
 	for _, peer := range device.peers.keyMap {
-		peer.Lock()
-		defer peer.Unlock()
-		if peer.endpoint != nil {
-			peer.endpoint.ClearSrc()
-		}
+		peer.markEndpointSrcForClearing()
 	}
 	device.peers.RUnlock()
 
@@ -502,8 +519,9 @@ func (device *Device) BindUpdate() error {
 	device.net.stopping.Add(len(recvFns))
 	device.queue.decryption.wg.Add(len(recvFns)) // each RoutineReceiveIncoming goroutine writes to device.queue.decryption
 	device.queue.handshake.wg.Add(len(recvFns))  // each RoutineReceiveIncoming goroutine writes to device.queue.handshake
+	batchSize := netc.bind.BatchSize()
 	for _, fn := range recvFns {
-		go device.RoutineReceiveIncoming(fn)
+		go device.RoutineReceiveIncoming(batchSize, fn)
 	}
 
 	device.log.Verbosef("UDP bind has been updated")

device/device_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"math/rand"
-	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"os"
 	"runtime"
 	"runtime/pprof"
 	"sync"
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn/bindtest"
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun/tuntest"
 )
 
@@ -48,7 +50,7 @@ func uapiCfg(cfg ...string) string {
 
 // genConfigs generates a pair of configs that connect to each other.
 // The configs use distinct, probably-usable ports.
-func genConfigs(tb testing.TB) (cfgs [2]string, endpointCfgs [2]string) {
+func genConfigs(tb testing.TB) (cfgs, endpointCfgs [2]string) {
 	var key1, key2 NoisePrivateKey
 	_, err := rand.Read(key1[:])
 	if err != nil {
@@ -96,7 +98,7 @@ type testPair [2]testPeer
 type testPeer struct {
 	tun *tuntest.ChannelTUN
 	dev *Device
-	ip  net.IP
+	ip  netip.Addr
 }
 
 type SendDirection bool
@@ -159,7 +161,7 @@ func genTestPair(tb testing.TB, realSocket bool) (pair testPair) {
 	for i := range pair {
 		p := &pair[i]
 		p.tun = tuntest.NewChannelTUN()
-		p.ip = net.IPv4(1, 0, 0, byte(i+1))
+		p.ip = netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{1, 0, 0, byte(i + 1)})
 		level := LogLevelVerbose
 		if _, ok := tb.(*testing.B); ok && !testing.Verbose() {
 			level = LogLevelError
@@ -307,6 +309,17 @@ func TestConcurrencySafety(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 
+	// Perform bind updates and keepalive sends concurrently with tunnel use.
+	t.Run("bindUpdate and keepalive", func(t *testing.T) {
+		const iters = 10
+		for i := 0; i < iters; i++ {
+			for _, peer := range pair {
+				peer.dev.BindUpdate()
+				peer.dev.SendKeepalivesToPeersWithCurrentKeypair()
+			}
+		}
+	})
+
 	close(done)
 }
 
@@ -333,7 +346,7 @@ func BenchmarkThroughput(b *testing.B) {
 
 	// Measure how long it takes to receive b.N packets,
 	// starting when we receive the first packet.
-	var recv uint64
+	var recv atomic.Uint64
 	var elapsed time.Duration
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
 	wg.Add(1)
@@ -342,7 +355,7 @@ func BenchmarkThroughput(b *testing.B) {
 		var start time.Time
 		for {
 			<-pair[0].tun.Inbound
-			new := atomic.AddUint64(&recv, 1)
+			new := recv.Add(1)
 			if new == 1 {
 				start = time.Now()
 			}
@@ -358,7 +371,7 @@ func BenchmarkThroughput(b *testing.B) {
 	ping := tuntest.Ping(pair[0].ip, pair[1].ip)
 	pingc := pair[1].tun.Outbound
 	var sent uint64
-	for atomic.LoadUint64(&recv) != uint64(b.N) {
+	for recv.Load() != uint64(b.N) {
 		sent++
 		pingc <- ping
 	}
@@ -405,3 +418,59 @@ func goroutineLeakCheck(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("expected %d goroutines, got %d, leak?", startGoroutines, endGoroutines)
 	})
 }
+
+type fakeBindSized struct {
+	size int
+}
+
+func (b *fakeBindSized) Open(port uint16) (fns []conn.ReceiveFunc, actualPort uint16, err error) {
+	return nil, 0, nil
+}
+func (b *fakeBindSized) Close() error                                  { return nil }
+func (b *fakeBindSized) SetMark(mark uint32) error                     { return nil }
+func (b *fakeBindSized) Send(bufs [][]byte, ep conn.Endpoint) error    { return nil }
+func (b *fakeBindSized) ParseEndpoint(s string) (conn.Endpoint, error) { return nil, nil }
+func (b *fakeBindSized) BatchSize() int                                { return b.size }
+
+type fakeTUNDeviceSized struct {
+	size int
+}
+
+func (t *fakeTUNDeviceSized) File() *os.File { return nil }
+func (t *fakeTUNDeviceSized) Read(bufs [][]byte, sizes []int, offset int) (n int, err error) {
+	return 0, nil
+}
+func (t *fakeTUNDeviceSized) Write(bufs [][]byte, offset int) (int, error) { return 0, nil }
+func (t *fakeTUNDeviceSized) MTU() (int, error)                            { return 0, nil }
+func (t *fakeTUNDeviceSized) Name() (string, error)                        { return "", nil }
+func (t *fakeTUNDeviceSized) Events() <-chan tun.Event                     { return nil }
+func (t *fakeTUNDeviceSized) Close() error                                 { return nil }
+func (t *fakeTUNDeviceSized) BatchSize() int                               { return t.size }
+
+func TestBatchSize(t *testing.T) {
+	d := Device{}
+
+	d.net.bind = &fakeBindSized{1}
+	d.tun.device = &fakeTUNDeviceSized{1}
+	if want, got := 1, d.BatchSize(); got != want {
+		t.Errorf("expected batch size %d, got %d", want, got)
+	}
+
+	d.net.bind = &fakeBindSized{1}
+	d.tun.device = &fakeTUNDeviceSized{128}
+	if want, got := 128, d.BatchSize(); got != want {
+		t.Errorf("expected batch size %d, got %d", want, got)
+	}
+
+	d.net.bind = &fakeBindSized{128}
+	d.tun.device = &fakeTUNDeviceSized{1}
+	if want, got := 128, d.BatchSize(); got != want {
+		t.Errorf("expected batch size %d, got %d", want, got)
+	}
+
+	d.net.bind = &fakeBindSized{128}
+	d.tun.device = &fakeTUNDeviceSized{128}
+	if want, got := 128, d.BatchSize(); got != want {
+		t.Errorf("expected batch size %d, got %d", want, got)
+	}
+}

device/endpoint_test.go

@@ -1,53 +1,49 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
 
 import (
 	"math/rand"
-	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 )
 
 type DummyEndpoint struct {
-	src [16]byte
-	dst [16]byte
+	src, dst netip.Addr
 }
 
 func CreateDummyEndpoint() (*DummyEndpoint, error) {
-	var end DummyEndpoint
-	if _, err := rand.Read(end.src[:]); err != nil {
+	var src, dst [16]byte
+	if _, err := rand.Read(src[:]); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	_, err := rand.Read(end.dst[:])
-	return &end, err
+	_, err := rand.Read(dst[:])
+	return &DummyEndpoint{netip.AddrFrom16(src), netip.AddrFrom16(dst)}, err
 }
 
 func (e *DummyEndpoint) ClearSrc() {}
 
 func (e *DummyEndpoint) SrcToString() string {
-	var addr net.UDPAddr
-	addr.IP = e.SrcIP()
-	addr.Port = 1000
-	return addr.String()
+	return netip.AddrPortFrom(e.SrcIP(), 1000).String()
 }
 
 func (e *DummyEndpoint) DstToString() string {
-	var addr net.UDPAddr
-	addr.IP = e.DstIP()
-	addr.Port = 1000
-	return addr.String()
+	return netip.AddrPortFrom(e.DstIP(), 1000).String()
 }
 
-func (e *DummyEndpoint) SrcToBytes() []byte {
-	return e.src[:]
+func (e *DummyEndpoint) DstToBytes() []byte {
+	out := e.DstIP().AsSlice()
+	out = append(out, byte(1000&0xff))
+	out = append(out, byte((1000>>8)&0xff))
+	return out
 }
 
-func (e *DummyEndpoint) DstIP() net.IP {
-	return e.dst[:]
+func (e *DummyEndpoint) DstIP() netip.Addr {
+	return e.dst
 }
 
-func (e *DummyEndpoint) SrcIP() net.IP {
-	return e.src[:]
+func (e *DummyEndpoint) SrcIP() netip.Addr {
+	return e.src
 }

device/indextable.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device

device/ip.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device

device/kdf_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ type KDFTest struct {
 	t2    string
 }
 
-func assertEquals(t *testing.T, a string, b string) {
+func assertEquals(t *testing.T, a, b string) {
 	if a != b {
 		t.Fatal("expected", a, "=", b)
 	}

device/keypair.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
-	"unsafe"
 
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/replay"
 )
@@ -23,7 +22,7 @@ import (
  */
 
 type Keypair struct {
-	sendNonce    uint64 // accessed atomically
+	sendNonce    atomic.Uint64
 	send         cipher.AEAD
 	receive      cipher.AEAD
 	replayFilter replay.Filter
@@ -37,15 +36,7 @@ type Keypairs struct {
 	sync.RWMutex
 	current  *Keypair
 	previous *Keypair
-	next     *Keypair
-}
-
-func (kp *Keypairs) storeNext(next *Keypair) {
-	atomic.StorePointer((*unsafe.Pointer)((unsafe.Pointer)(&kp.next)), (unsafe.Pointer)(next))
-}
-
-func (kp *Keypairs) loadNext() *Keypair {
-	return (*Keypair)(atomic.LoadPointer((*unsafe.Pointer)((unsafe.Pointer)(&kp.next))))
+	next     atomic.Pointer[Keypair]
 }
 
 func (kp *Keypairs) Current() *Keypair {

device/logger.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ import (
 // They do not require a trailing newline in the format.
 // If nil, that level of logging will be silent.
 type Logger struct {
-	Verbosef func(format string, args ...interface{})
-	Errorf   func(format string, args ...interface{})
+	Verbosef func(format string, args ...any)
+	Errorf   func(format string, args ...any)
 }
 
 // Log levels for use with NewLogger.
@@ -28,14 +28,14 @@ const (
 )
 
 // Function for use in Logger for discarding logged lines.
-func DiscardLogf(format string, args ...interface{}) {}
+func DiscardLogf(format string, args ...any) {}
 
 // NewLogger constructs a Logger that writes to stdout.
 // It logs at the specified log level and above.
 // It decorates log lines with the log level, date, time, and prepend.
 func NewLogger(level int, prepend string) *Logger {
 	logger := &Logger{DiscardLogf, DiscardLogf}
-	logf := func(prefix string) func(string, ...interface{}) {
+	logf := func(prefix string) func(string, ...any) {
 		return log.New(os.Stdout, prefix+": "+prepend, log.Ldate|log.Ltime).Printf
 	}
 	if level >= LogLevelVerbose {

device/misc.go

@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
- */
-
-package device
-
-import (
-	"sync/atomic"
-)
-
-/* Atomic Boolean */
-
-const (
-	AtomicFalse = int32(iota)
-	AtomicTrue
-)
-
-type AtomicBool struct {
-	int32
-}
-
-func (a *AtomicBool) Get() bool {
-	return atomic.LoadInt32(&a.int32) == AtomicTrue
-}
-
-func (a *AtomicBool) Swap(val bool) bool {
-	flag := AtomicFalse
-	if val {
-		flag = AtomicTrue
-	}
-	return atomic.SwapInt32(&a.int32, flag) == AtomicTrue
-}
-
-func (a *AtomicBool) Set(val bool) {
-	flag := AtomicFalse
-	if val {
-		flag = AtomicTrue
-	}
-	atomic.StoreInt32(&a.int32, flag)
-}

device/mobilequirks.go

@@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
 
+// DisableSomeRoamingForBrokenMobileSemantics should ideally be called before peers are created,
+// though it will try to deal with it, and race maybe, if called after.
 func (device *Device) DisableSomeRoamingForBrokenMobileSemantics() {
+	device.net.brokenRoaming = true
 	device.peers.RLock()
 	for _, peer := range device.peers.keyMap {
-		peer.Lock()
-		peer.disableRoaming = peer.endpoint != nil
-		peer.Unlock()
+		peer.endpoint.Lock()
+		peer.endpoint.disableRoaming = peer.endpoint.val != nil
+		peer.endpoint.Unlock()
 	}
 	device.peers.RUnlock()
 }

device/noise-helpers.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"crypto/hmac"
 	"crypto/rand"
 	"crypto/subtle"
+	"errors"
 	"hash"
 
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/blake2s"
@@ -94,9 +95,14 @@ func (sk *NoisePrivateKey) publicKey() (pk NoisePublicKey) {
 	return
 }
 
-func (sk *NoisePrivateKey) sharedSecret(pk NoisePublicKey) (ss [NoisePublicKeySize]byte) {
+var errInvalidPublicKey = errors.New("invalid public key")
+
+func (sk *NoisePrivateKey) sharedSecret(pk NoisePublicKey) (ss [NoisePublicKeySize]byte, err error) {
 	apk := (*[NoisePublicKeySize]byte)(&pk)
 	ask := (*[NoisePrivateKeySize]byte)(sk)
 	curve25519.ScalarMult(&ss, ask, apk)
-	return ss
+	if isZero(ss[:]) {
+		return ss, errInvalidPublicKey
+	}
+	return ss, nil
 }

device/noise-protocol.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
@@ -138,11 +138,11 @@ var (
 	ZeroNonce       [chacha20poly1305.NonceSize]byte
 )
 
-func mixKey(dst *[blake2s.Size]byte, c *[blake2s.Size]byte, data []byte) {
+func mixKey(dst, c *[blake2s.Size]byte, data []byte) {
 	KDF1(dst, c[:], data)
 }
 
-func mixHash(dst *[blake2s.Size]byte, h *[blake2s.Size]byte, data []byte) {
+func mixHash(dst, h *[blake2s.Size]byte, data []byte) {
 	hash, _ := blake2s.New256(nil)
 	hash.Write(h[:])
 	hash.Write(data)
@@ -175,8 +175,6 @@ func init() {
 }
 
 func (device *Device) CreateMessageInitiation(peer *Peer) (*MessageInitiation, error) {
-	var errZeroECDHResult = errors.New("ECDH returned all zeros")
-
 	device.staticIdentity.RLock()
 	defer device.staticIdentity.RUnlock()
 
@@ -204,9 +202,9 @@ func (device *Device) CreateMessageInitiation(peer *Peer) (*MessageInitiation, e
 	handshake.mixHash(msg.Ephemeral[:])
 
 	// encrypt static key
-	ss := handshake.localEphemeral.sharedSecret(handshake.remoteStatic)
-	if isZero(ss[:]) {
-		return nil, errZeroECDHResult
+	ss, err := handshake.localEphemeral.sharedSecret(handshake.remoteStatic)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
 	var key [chacha20poly1305.KeySize]byte
 	KDF2(
@@ -221,7 +219,7 @@ func (device *Device) CreateMessageInitiation(peer *Peer) (*MessageInitiation, e
 
 	// encrypt timestamp
 	if isZero(handshake.precomputedStaticStatic[:]) {
-		return nil, errZeroECDHResult
+		return nil, errInvalidPublicKey
 	}
 	KDF2(
 		&handshake.chainKey,
@@ -264,11 +262,10 @@ func (device *Device) ConsumeMessageInitiation(msg *MessageInitiation) *Peer {
 	mixKey(&chainKey, &InitialChainKey, msg.Ephemeral[:])
 
 	// decrypt static key
-	var err error
 	var peerPK NoisePublicKey
 	var key [chacha20poly1305.KeySize]byte
-	ss := device.staticIdentity.privateKey.sharedSecret(msg.Ephemeral)
-	if isZero(ss[:]) {
+	ss, err := device.staticIdentity.privateKey.sharedSecret(msg.Ephemeral)
+	if err != nil {
 		return nil
 	}
 	KDF2(&chainKey, &key, chainKey[:], ss[:])
@@ -282,7 +279,7 @@ func (device *Device) ConsumeMessageInitiation(msg *MessageInitiation) *Peer {
 	// lookup peer
 
 	peer := device.LookupPeer(peerPK)
-	if peer == nil {
+	if peer == nil || !peer.isRunning.Load() {
 		return nil
 	}
 
@@ -384,12 +381,16 @@ func (device *Device) CreateMessageResponse(peer *Peer) (*MessageResponse, error
 	handshake.mixHash(msg.Ephemeral[:])
 	handshake.mixKey(msg.Ephemeral[:])
 
-	func() {
-		ss := handshake.localEphemeral.sharedSecret(handshake.remoteEphemeral)
-		handshake.mixKey(ss[:])
-		ss = handshake.localEphemeral.sharedSecret(handshake.remoteStatic)
-		handshake.mixKey(ss[:])
-	}()
+	ss, err := handshake.localEphemeral.sharedSecret(handshake.remoteEphemeral)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	handshake.mixKey(ss[:])
+	ss, err = handshake.localEphemeral.sharedSecret(handshake.remoteStatic)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	handshake.mixKey(ss[:])
 
 	// add preshared key
 
@@ -406,11 +407,9 @@ func (device *Device) CreateMessageResponse(peer *Peer) (*MessageResponse, error
 
 	handshake.mixHash(tau[:])
 
-	func() {
-		aead, _ := chacha20poly1305.New(key[:])
-		aead.Seal(msg.Empty[:0], ZeroNonce[:], nil, handshake.hash[:])
-		handshake.mixHash(msg.Empty[:])
-	}()
+	aead, _ := chacha20poly1305.New(key[:])
+	aead.Seal(msg.Empty[:0], ZeroNonce[:], nil, handshake.hash[:])
+	handshake.mixHash(msg.Empty[:])
 
 	handshake.state = handshakeResponseCreated
 
@@ -436,7 +435,6 @@ func (device *Device) ConsumeMessageResponse(msg *MessageResponse) *Peer {
 	)
 
 	ok := func() bool {
-
 		// lock handshake state
 
 		handshake.mutex.RLock()
@@ -456,17 +454,19 @@ func (device *Device) ConsumeMessageResponse(msg *MessageResponse) *Peer {
 		mixHash(&hash, &handshake.hash, msg.Ephemeral[:])
 		mixKey(&chainKey, &handshake.chainKey, msg.Ephemeral[:])
 
-		func() {
-			ss := handshake.localEphemeral.sharedSecret(msg.Ephemeral)
-			mixKey(&chainKey, &chainKey, ss[:])
-			setZero(ss[:])
-		}()
+		ss, err := handshake.localEphemeral.sharedSecret(msg.Ephemeral)
+		if err != nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		mixKey(&chainKey, &chainKey, ss[:])
+		setZero(ss[:])
 
-		func() {
-			ss := device.staticIdentity.privateKey.sharedSecret(msg.Ephemeral)
-			mixKey(&chainKey, &chainKey, ss[:])
-			setZero(ss[:])
-		}()
+		ss, err = device.staticIdentity.privateKey.sharedSecret(msg.Ephemeral)
+		if err != nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		mixKey(&chainKey, &chainKey, ss[:])
+		setZero(ss[:])
 
 		// add preshared key (psk)
 
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ func (device *Device) ConsumeMessageResponse(msg *MessageResponse) *Peer {
 		// authenticate transcript
 
 		aead, _ := chacha20poly1305.New(key[:])
-		_, err := aead.Open(nil, ZeroNonce[:], msg.Empty[:], hash[:])
+		_, err = aead.Open(nil, ZeroNonce[:], msg.Empty[:], hash[:])
 		if err != nil {
 			return false
 		}
@@ -582,12 +582,12 @@ func (peer *Peer) BeginSymmetricSession() error {
 	defer keypairs.Unlock()
 
 	previous := keypairs.previous
-	next := keypairs.loadNext()
+	next := keypairs.next.Load()
 	current := keypairs.current
 
 	if isInitiator {
 		if next != nil {
-			keypairs.storeNext(nil)
+			keypairs.next.Store(nil)
 			keypairs.previous = next
 			device.DeleteKeypair(current)
 		} else {
@@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ func (peer *Peer) BeginSymmetricSession() error {
 		device.DeleteKeypair(previous)
 		keypairs.current = keypair
 	} else {
-		keypairs.storeNext(keypair)
+		keypairs.next.Store(keypair)
 		device.DeleteKeypair(next)
 		keypairs.previous = nil
 		device.DeleteKeypair(previous)
@@ -608,18 +608,18 @@ func (peer *Peer) BeginSymmetricSession() error {
 func (peer *Peer) ReceivedWithKeypair(receivedKeypair *Keypair) bool {
 	keypairs := &peer.keypairs
 
-	if keypairs.loadNext() != receivedKeypair {
+	if keypairs.next.Load() != receivedKeypair {
 		return false
 	}
 	keypairs.Lock()
 	defer keypairs.Unlock()
-	if keypairs.loadNext() != receivedKeypair {
+	if keypairs.next.Load() != receivedKeypair {
 		return false
 	}
 	old := keypairs.previous
 	keypairs.previous = keypairs.current
 	peer.device.DeleteKeypair(old)
-	keypairs.current = keypairs.loadNext()
-	keypairs.storeNext(nil)
+	keypairs.current = keypairs.next.Load()
+	keypairs.next.Store(nil)
 	return true
 }

device/noise-types.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device

device/noise_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@ func TestCurveWrappers(t *testing.T) {
 	pk1 := sk1.publicKey()
 	pk2 := sk2.publicKey()
 
-	ss1 := sk1.sharedSecret(pk2)
-	ss2 := sk2.sharedSecret(pk1)
+	ss1, err1 := sk1.sharedSecret(pk2)
+	ss2, err2 := sk2.sharedSecret(pk1)
 
-	if ss1 != ss2 {
+	if ss1 != ss2 || err1 != nil || err2 != nil {
 		t.Fatal("Failed to compute shared secet")
 	}
 }
@@ -71,6 +71,8 @@ func TestNoiseHandshake(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
+	peer1.Start()
+	peer2.Start()
 
 	assertEqual(
 		t,
@@ -146,7 +148,7 @@ func TestNoiseHandshake(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("failed to derive keypair for peer 2", err)
 	}
 
-	key1 := peer1.keypairs.loadNext()
+	key1 := peer1.keypairs.next.Load()
 	key2 := peer2.keypairs.current
 
 	// encrypting / decryption test

device/peer.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
@@ -16,36 +16,31 @@ import (
 )
 
 type Peer struct {
-	isRunning    AtomicBool
-	sync.RWMutex // Mostly protects endpoint, but is generally taken whenever we modify peer
-	keypairs     Keypairs
-	handshake    Handshake
-	device       *Device
-	endpoint     conn.Endpoint
-	stopping     sync.WaitGroup // routines pending stop
+	isRunning         atomic.Bool
+	keypairs          Keypairs
+	handshake         Handshake
+	device            *Device
+	stopping          sync.WaitGroup // routines pending stop
+	txBytes           atomic.Uint64  // bytes send to peer (endpoint)
+	rxBytes           atomic.Uint64  // bytes received from peer
+	lastHandshakeNano atomic.Int64   // nano seconds since epoch
 
-	// These fields are accessed with atomic operations, which must be
-	// 64-bit aligned even on 32-bit platforms. Go guarantees that an
-	// allocated struct will be 64-bit aligned. So we place
-	// atomically-accessed fields up front, so that they can share in
-	// this alignment before smaller fields throw it off.
-	stats struct {
-		txBytes           uint64 // bytes send to peer (endpoint)
-		rxBytes           uint64 // bytes received from peer
-		lastHandshakeNano int64  // nano seconds since epoch
+	endpoint struct {
+		sync.Mutex
+		val            conn.Endpoint
+		clearSrcOnTx   bool // signal to val.ClearSrc() prior to next packet transmission
+		disableRoaming bool
 	}
 
-	disableRoaming bool
-
 	timers struct {
 		retransmitHandshake     *Timer
 		sendKeepalive           *Timer
 		newHandshake            *Timer
 		zeroKeyMaterial         *Timer
 		persistentKeepalive     *Timer
-		handshakeAttempts       uint32
-		needAnotherKeepalive    AtomicBool
-		sentLastMinuteHandshake AtomicBool
+		handshakeAttempts       atomic.Uint32
+		needAnotherKeepalive    atomic.Bool
+		sentLastMinuteHandshake atomic.Bool
 	}
 
 	state struct {
@@ -53,14 +48,14 @@ type Peer struct {
 	}
 
 	queue struct {
-		staged   chan *QueueOutboundElement // staged packets before a handshake is available
-		outbound *autodrainingOutboundQueue // sequential ordering of udp transmission
-		inbound  *autodrainingInboundQueue  // sequential ordering of tun writing
+		staged   chan *QueueOutboundElementsContainer // staged packets before a handshake is available
+		outbound *autodrainingOutboundQueue           // sequential ordering of udp transmission
+		inbound  *autodrainingInboundQueue            // sequential ordering of tun writing
 	}
 
 	cookieGenerator             CookieGenerator
 	trieEntries                 list.List
-	persistentKeepaliveInterval uint32 // accessed atomically
+	persistentKeepaliveInterval atomic.Uint32
 }
 
 func (device *Device) NewPeer(pk NoisePublicKey) (*Peer, error) {
@@ -82,14 +77,12 @@ func (device *Device) NewPeer(pk NoisePublicKey) (*Peer, error) {
 
 	// create peer
 	peer := new(Peer)
-	peer.Lock()
-	defer peer.Unlock()
 
 	peer.cookieGenerator.Init(pk)
 	peer.device = device
 	peer.queue.outbound = newAutodrainingOutboundQueue(device)
 	peer.queue.inbound = newAutodrainingInboundQueue(device)
-	peer.queue.staged = make(chan *QueueOutboundElement, QueueStagedSize)
+	peer.queue.staged = make(chan *QueueOutboundElementsContainer, QueueStagedSize)
 
 	// map public key
 	_, ok := device.peers.keyMap[pk]
@@ -100,26 +93,27 @@ func (device *Device) NewPeer(pk NoisePublicKey) (*Peer, error) {
 	// pre-compute DH
 	handshake := &peer.handshake
 	handshake.mutex.Lock()
-	handshake.precomputedStaticStatic = device.staticIdentity.privateKey.sharedSecret(pk)
+	handshake.precomputedStaticStatic, _ = device.staticIdentity.privateKey.sharedSecret(pk)
 	handshake.remoteStatic = pk
 	handshake.mutex.Unlock()
 
 	// reset endpoint
-	peer.endpoint = nil
+	peer.endpoint.Lock()
+	peer.endpoint.val = nil
+	peer.endpoint.disableRoaming = false
+	peer.endpoint.clearSrcOnTx = false
+	peer.endpoint.Unlock()
+
+	// init timers
+	peer.timersInit()
 
 	// add
 	device.peers.keyMap[pk] = peer
 
-	// start peer
-	peer.timersInit()
-	if peer.device.isUp() {
-		peer.Start()
-	}
-
 	return peer, nil
 }
 
-func (peer *Peer) SendBuffer(buffer []byte) error {
+func (peer *Peer) SendBuffers(buffers [][]byte) error {
 	peer.device.net.RLock()
 	defer peer.device.net.RUnlock()
 
@@ -127,16 +121,25 @@ func (peer *Peer) SendBuffer(buffer []byte) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	peer.RLock()
-	defer peer.RUnlock()
-
-	if peer.endpoint == nil {
+	peer.endpoint.Lock()
+	endpoint := peer.endpoint.val
+	if endpoint == nil {
+		peer.endpoint.Unlock()
 		return errors.New("no known endpoint for peer")
 	}
+	if peer.endpoint.clearSrcOnTx {
+		endpoint.ClearSrc()
+		peer.endpoint.clearSrcOnTx = false
+	}
+	peer.endpoint.Unlock()
 
-	err := peer.device.net.bind.Send(buffer, peer.endpoint)
+	err := peer.device.net.bind.Send(buffers, endpoint)
 	if err == nil {
-		atomic.AddUint64(&peer.stats.txBytes, uint64(len(buffer)))
+		var totalLen uint64
+		for _, b := range buffers {
+			totalLen += uint64(len(b))
+		}
+		peer.txBytes.Add(totalLen)
 	}
 	return err
 }
@@ -177,7 +180,7 @@ func (peer *Peer) Start() {
 	peer.state.Lock()
 	defer peer.state.Unlock()
 
-	if peer.isRunning.Get() {
+	if peer.isRunning.Load() {
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -198,10 +201,14 @@ func (peer *Peer) Start() {
 
 	device.flushInboundQueue(peer.queue.inbound)
 	device.flushOutboundQueue(peer.queue.outbound)
-	go peer.RoutineSequentialSender()
-	go peer.RoutineSequentialReceiver()
 
-	peer.isRunning.Set(true)
+	// Use the device batch size, not the bind batch size, as the device size is
+	// the size of the batch pools.
+	batchSize := peer.device.BatchSize()
+	go peer.RoutineSequentialSender(batchSize)
+	go peer.RoutineSequentialReceiver(batchSize)
+
+	peer.isRunning.Store(true)
 }
 
 func (peer *Peer) ZeroAndFlushAll() {
@@ -213,10 +220,10 @@ func (peer *Peer) ZeroAndFlushAll() {
 	keypairs.Lock()
 	device.DeleteKeypair(keypairs.previous)
 	device.DeleteKeypair(keypairs.current)
-	device.DeleteKeypair(keypairs.loadNext())
+	device.DeleteKeypair(keypairs.next.Load())
 	keypairs.previous = nil
 	keypairs.current = nil
-	keypairs.storeNext(nil)
+	keypairs.next.Store(nil)
 	keypairs.Unlock()
 
 	// clear handshake state
@@ -241,11 +248,10 @@ func (peer *Peer) ExpireCurrentKeypairs() {
 	keypairs := &peer.keypairs
 	keypairs.Lock()
 	if keypairs.current != nil {
-		atomic.StoreUint64(&keypairs.current.sendNonce, RejectAfterMessages)
+		keypairs.current.sendNonce.Store(RejectAfterMessages)
 	}
-	if keypairs.next != nil {
-		next := keypairs.loadNext()
-		atomic.StoreUint64(&next.sendNonce, RejectAfterMessages)
+	if next := keypairs.next.Load(); next != nil {
+		next.sendNonce.Store(RejectAfterMessages)
 	}
 	keypairs.Unlock()
 }
@@ -271,10 +277,20 @@ func (peer *Peer) Stop() {
 }
 
 func (peer *Peer) SetEndpointFromPacket(endpoint conn.Endpoint) {
-	if peer.disableRoaming {
+	peer.endpoint.Lock()
+	defer peer.endpoint.Unlock()
+	if peer.endpoint.disableRoaming {
 		return
 	}
-	peer.Lock()
-	peer.endpoint = endpoint
-	peer.Unlock()
+	peer.endpoint.clearSrcOnTx = false
+	peer.endpoint.val = endpoint
+}
+
+func (peer *Peer) markEndpointSrcForClearing() {
+	peer.endpoint.Lock()
+	defer peer.endpoint.Unlock()
+	if peer.endpoint.val == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	peer.endpoint.clearSrcOnTx = true
 }

device/pools.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
@@ -14,49 +14,85 @@ type WaitPool struct {
 	pool  sync.Pool
 	cond  sync.Cond
 	lock  sync.Mutex
-	count uint32
+	count atomic.Uint32
 	max   uint32
 }
 
-func NewWaitPool(max uint32, new func() interface{}) *WaitPool {
+func NewWaitPool(max uint32, new func() any) *WaitPool {
 	p := &WaitPool{pool: sync.Pool{New: new}, max: max}
 	p.cond = sync.Cond{L: &p.lock}
 	return p
 }
 
-func (p *WaitPool) Get() interface{} {
+func (p *WaitPool) Get() any {
 	if p.max != 0 {
 		p.lock.Lock()
-		for atomic.LoadUint32(&p.count) >= p.max {
+		for p.count.Load() >= p.max {
 			p.cond.Wait()
 		}
-		atomic.AddUint32(&p.count, 1)
+		p.count.Add(1)
 		p.lock.Unlock()
 	}
 	return p.pool.Get()
 }
 
-func (p *WaitPool) Put(x interface{}) {
+func (p *WaitPool) Put(x any) {
 	p.pool.Put(x)
 	if p.max == 0 {
 		return
 	}
-	atomic.AddUint32(&p.count, ^uint32(0))
+	p.count.Add(^uint32(0))
 	p.cond.Signal()
 }
 
 func (device *Device) PopulatePools() {
-	device.pool.messageBuffers = NewWaitPool(PreallocatedBuffersPerPool, func() interface{} {
+	device.pool.inboundElementsContainer = NewWaitPool(PreallocatedBuffersPerPool, func() any {
+		s := make([]*QueueInboundElement, 0, device.BatchSize())
+		return &QueueInboundElementsContainer{elems: s}
+	})
+	device.pool.outboundElementsContainer = NewWaitPool(PreallocatedBuffersPerPool, func() any {
+		s := make([]*QueueOutboundElement, 0, device.BatchSize())
+		return &QueueOutboundElementsContainer{elems: s}
+	})
+	device.pool.messageBuffers = NewWaitPool(PreallocatedBuffersPerPool, func() any {
 		return new([MaxMessageSize]byte)
 	})
-	device.pool.inboundElements = NewWaitPool(PreallocatedBuffersPerPool, func() interface{} {
+	device.pool.inboundElements = NewWaitPool(PreallocatedBuffersPerPool, func() any {
 		return new(QueueInboundElement)
 	})
-	device.pool.outboundElements = NewWaitPool(PreallocatedBuffersPerPool, func() interface{} {
+	device.pool.outboundElements = NewWaitPool(PreallocatedBuffersPerPool, func() any {
 		return new(QueueOutboundElement)
 	})
 }
 
+func (device *Device) GetInboundElementsContainer() *QueueInboundElementsContainer {
+	c := device.pool.inboundElementsContainer.Get().(*QueueInboundElementsContainer)
+	c.Mutex = sync.Mutex{}
+	return c
+}
+
+func (device *Device) PutInboundElementsContainer(c *QueueInboundElementsContainer) {
+	for i := range c.elems {
+		c.elems[i] = nil
+	}
+	c.elems = c.elems[:0]
+	device.pool.inboundElementsContainer.Put(c)
+}
+
+func (device *Device) GetOutboundElementsContainer() *QueueOutboundElementsContainer {
+	c := device.pool.outboundElementsContainer.Get().(*QueueOutboundElementsContainer)
+	c.Mutex = sync.Mutex{}
+	return c
+}
+
+func (device *Device) PutOutboundElementsContainer(c *QueueOutboundElementsContainer) {
+	for i := range c.elems {
+		c.elems[i] = nil
+	}
+	c.elems = c.elems[:0]
+	device.pool.outboundElementsContainer.Put(c)
+}
+
 func (device *Device) GetMessageBuffer() *[MaxMessageSize]byte {
 	return device.pool.messageBuffers.Get().(*[MaxMessageSize]byte)
 }

device/pools_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2019-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
@@ -17,29 +17,31 @@ import (
 func TestWaitPool(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Skip("Currently disabled")
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	trials := int32(100000)
+	var trials atomic.Int32
+	startTrials := int32(100000)
 	if raceEnabled {
 		// This test can be very slow with -race.
-		trials /= 10
+		startTrials /= 10
 	}
+	trials.Store(startTrials)
 	workers := runtime.NumCPU() + 2
 	if workers-4 <= 0 {
 		t.Skip("Not enough cores")
 	}
-	p := NewWaitPool(uint32(workers-4), func() interface{} { return make([]byte, 16) })
+	p := NewWaitPool(uint32(workers-4), func() any { return make([]byte, 16) })
 	wg.Add(workers)
-	max := uint32(0)
+	var max atomic.Uint32
 	updateMax := func() {
-		count := atomic.LoadUint32(&p.count)
+		count := p.count.Load()
 		if count > p.max {
 			t.Errorf("count (%d) > max (%d)", count, p.max)
 		}
 		for {
-			old := atomic.LoadUint32(&max)
+			old := max.Load()
 			if count <= old {
 				break
 			}
-			if atomic.CompareAndSwapUint32(&max, old, count) {
+			if max.CompareAndSwap(old, count) {
 				break
 			}
 		}
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ func TestWaitPool(t *testing.T) {
 	for i := 0; i < workers; i++ {
 		go func() {
 			defer wg.Done()
-			for atomic.AddInt32(&trials, -1) > 0 {
+			for trials.Add(-1) > 0 {
 				updateMax()
 				x := p.Get()
 				updateMax()
@@ -59,25 +61,74 @@ func TestWaitPool(t *testing.T) {
 		}()
 	}
 	wg.Wait()
-	if max != p.max {
+	if max.Load() != p.max {
 		t.Errorf("Actual maximum count (%d) != ideal maximum count (%d)", max, p.max)
 	}
 }
 
 func BenchmarkWaitPool(b *testing.B) {
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	trials := int32(b.N)
+	var trials atomic.Int32
+	trials.Store(int32(b.N))
 	workers := runtime.NumCPU() + 2
 	if workers-4 <= 0 {
 		b.Skip("Not enough cores")
 	}
-	p := NewWaitPool(uint32(workers-4), func() interface{} { return make([]byte, 16) })
+	p := NewWaitPool(uint32(workers-4), func() any { return make([]byte, 16) })
 	wg.Add(workers)
 	b.ResetTimer()
 	for i := 0; i < workers; i++ {
 		go func() {
 			defer wg.Done()
-			for atomic.AddInt32(&trials, -1) > 0 {
+			for trials.Add(-1) > 0 {
+				x := p.Get()
+				time.Sleep(time.Duration(rand.Intn(100)) * time.Microsecond)
+				p.Put(x)
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+}
+
+func BenchmarkWaitPoolEmpty(b *testing.B) {
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	var trials atomic.Int32
+	trials.Store(int32(b.N))
+	workers := runtime.NumCPU() + 2
+	if workers-4 <= 0 {
+		b.Skip("Not enough cores")
+	}
+	p := NewWaitPool(0, func() any { return make([]byte, 16) })
+	wg.Add(workers)
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < workers; i++ {
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			for trials.Add(-1) > 0 {
+				x := p.Get()
+				time.Sleep(time.Duration(rand.Intn(100)) * time.Microsecond)
+				p.Put(x)
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+}
+
+func BenchmarkSyncPool(b *testing.B) {
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	var trials atomic.Int32
+	trials.Store(int32(b.N))
+	workers := runtime.NumCPU() + 2
+	if workers-4 <= 0 {
+		b.Skip("Not enough cores")
+	}
+	p := sync.Pool{New: func() any { return make([]byte, 16) }}
+	wg.Add(workers)
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < workers; i++ {
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			for trials.Add(-1) > 0 {
 				x := p.Get()
 				time.Sleep(time.Duration(rand.Intn(100)) * time.Microsecond)
 				p.Put(x)

device/queueconstants_android.go

@@ -1,17 +1,19 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
 
+import "golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
+
 /* Reduce memory consumption for Android */
 
 const (
-	QueueStagedSize            = 128
+	QueueStagedSize            = conn.IdealBatchSize
 	QueueOutboundSize          = 1024
 	QueueInboundSize           = 1024
 	QueueHandshakeSize         = 1024
-	MaxSegmentSize             = 2200
+	MaxSegmentSize             = (1 << 16) - 1 // largest possible UDP datagram
 	PreallocatedBuffersPerPool = 4096
 )

device/queueconstants_default.go

@@ -2,13 +2,15 @@
 
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
 
+import "golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
+
 const (
-	QueueStagedSize            = 128
+	QueueStagedSize            = conn.IdealBatchSize
 	QueueOutboundSize          = 1024
 	QueueInboundSize           = 1024
 	QueueHandshakeSize         = 1024

device/queueconstants_ios.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device

device/queueconstants_windows.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device

device/race_disabled_test.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device

device/race_enabled_test.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device

device/receive.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
@@ -11,13 +11,11 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"net"
 	"sync"
-	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/chacha20poly1305"
 	"golang.org/x/net/ipv4"
 	"golang.org/x/net/ipv6"
-
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
 )
 
@@ -29,7 +27,6 @@ type QueueHandshakeElement struct {
 }
 
 type QueueInboundElement struct {
-	sync.Mutex
 	buffer   *[MaxMessageSize]byte
 	packet   []byte
 	counter  uint64
@@ -37,6 +34,11 @@ type QueueInboundElement struct {
 	endpoint conn.Endpoint
 }
 
+type QueueInboundElementsContainer struct {
+	sync.Mutex
+	elems []*QueueInboundElement
+}
+
 // clearPointers clears elem fields that contain pointers.
 // This makes the garbage collector's life easier and
 // avoids accidentally keeping other objects around unnecessarily.
@@ -53,12 +55,12 @@ func (elem *QueueInboundElement) clearPointers() {
  * NOTE: Not thread safe, but called by sequential receiver!
  */
 func (peer *Peer) keepKeyFreshReceiving() {
-	if peer.timers.sentLastMinuteHandshake.Get() {
+	if peer.timers.sentLastMinuteHandshake.Load() {
 		return
 	}
 	keypair := peer.keypairs.Current()
 	if keypair != nil && keypair.isInitiator && time.Since(keypair.created) > (RejectAfterTime-KeepaliveTimeout-RekeyTimeout) {
-		peer.timers.sentLastMinuteHandshake.Set(true)
+		peer.timers.sentLastMinuteHandshake.Store(true)
 		peer.SendHandshakeInitiation(false)
 	}
 }
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ func (peer *Peer) keepKeyFreshReceiving() {
  * Every time the bind is updated a new routine is started for
  * IPv4 and IPv6 (separately)
  */
-func (device *Device) RoutineReceiveIncoming(recv conn.ReceiveFunc) {
+func (device *Device) RoutineReceiveIncoming(maxBatchSize int, recv conn.ReceiveFunc) {
 	recvName := recv.PrettyName()
 	defer func() {
 		device.log.Verbosef("Routine: receive incoming %s - stopped", recvName)
@@ -81,20 +83,33 @@ func (device *Device) RoutineReceiveIncoming(recv conn.ReceiveFunc) {
 
 	// receive datagrams until conn is closed
 
-	buffer := device.GetMessageBuffer()
-
 	var (
+		bufsArrs    = make([]*[MaxMessageSize]byte, maxBatchSize)
+		bufs        = make([][]byte, maxBatchSize)
 		err         error
-		size        int
-		endpoint    conn.Endpoint
+		sizes       = make([]int, maxBatchSize)
+		count       int
+		endpoints   = make([]conn.Endpoint, maxBatchSize)
 		deathSpiral int
+		elemsByPeer = make(map[*Peer]*QueueInboundElementsContainer, maxBatchSize)
 	)
 
-	for {
-		size, endpoint, err = recv(buffer[:])
+	for i := range bufsArrs {
+		bufsArrs[i] = device.GetMessageBuffer()
+		bufs[i] = bufsArrs[i][:]
+	}
 
+	defer func() {
+		for i := 0; i < maxBatchSize; i++ {
+			if bufsArrs[i] != nil {
+				device.PutMessageBuffer(bufsArrs[i])
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	for {
+		count, err = recv(bufs, sizes, endpoints)
 		if err != nil {
-			device.PutMessageBuffer(buffer)
 			if errors.Is(err, net.ErrClosed) {
 				return
 			}
@@ -105,101 +120,119 @@ func (device *Device) RoutineReceiveIncoming(recv conn.ReceiveFunc) {
 			if deathSpiral < 10 {
 				deathSpiral++
 				time.Sleep(time.Second / 3)
-				buffer = device.GetMessageBuffer()
 				continue
 			}
 			return
 		}
 		deathSpiral = 0
 
-		if size < MinMessageSize {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		// check size of packet
-
-		packet := buffer[:size]
-		msgType := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(packet[:4])
-
-		var okay bool
-
-		switch msgType {
-
-		// check if transport
-
-		case MessageTransportType:
-
-			// check size
-
-			if len(packet) < MessageTransportSize {
+		// handle each packet in the batch
+		for i, size := range sizes[:count] {
+			if size < MinMessageSize {
 				continue
 			}
 
-			// lookup key pair
+			// check size of packet
 
-			receiver := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(
-				packet[MessageTransportOffsetReceiver:MessageTransportOffsetCounter],
-			)
-			value := device.indexTable.Lookup(receiver)
-			keypair := value.keypair
-			if keypair == nil {
+			packet := bufsArrs[i][:size]
+			msgType := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(packet[:4])
+
+			switch msgType {
+
+			// check if transport
+
+			case MessageTransportType:
+
+				// check size
+
+				if len(packet) < MessageTransportSize {
+					continue
+				}
+
+				// lookup key pair
+
+				receiver := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(
+					packet[MessageTransportOffsetReceiver:MessageTransportOffsetCounter],
+				)
+				value := device.indexTable.Lookup(receiver)
+				keypair := value.keypair
+				if keypair == nil {
+					continue
+				}
+
+				// check keypair expiry
+
+				if keypair.created.Add(RejectAfterTime).Before(time.Now()) {
+					continue
+				}
+
+				// create work element
+				peer := value.peer
+				elem := device.GetInboundElement()
+				elem.packet = packet
+				elem.buffer = bufsArrs[i]
+				elem.keypair = keypair
+				elem.endpoint = endpoints[i]
+				elem.counter = 0
+
+				elemsForPeer, ok := elemsByPeer[peer]
+				if !ok {
+					elemsForPeer = device.GetInboundElementsContainer()
+					elemsForPeer.Lock()
+					elemsByPeer[peer] = elemsForPeer
+				}
+				elemsForPeer.elems = append(elemsForPeer.elems, elem)
+				bufsArrs[i] = device.GetMessageBuffer()
+				bufs[i] = bufsArrs[i][:]
+				continue
+
+			// otherwise it is a fixed size & handshake related packet
+
+			case MessageInitiationType:
+				if len(packet) != MessageInitiationSize {
+					continue
+				}
+
+			case MessageResponseType:
+				if len(packet) != MessageResponseSize {
+					continue
+				}
+
+			case MessageCookieReplyType:
+				if len(packet) != MessageCookieReplySize {
+					continue
+				}
+
+			default:
+				device.log.Verbosef("Received message with unknown type")
 				continue
 			}
 
-			// check keypair expiry
-
-			if keypair.created.Add(RejectAfterTime).Before(time.Now()) {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			// create work element
-			peer := value.peer
-			elem := device.GetInboundElement()
-			elem.packet = packet
-			elem.buffer = buffer
-			elem.keypair = keypair
-			elem.endpoint = endpoint
-			elem.counter = 0
-			elem.Mutex = sync.Mutex{}
-			elem.Lock()
-
-			// add to decryption queues
-			if peer.isRunning.Get() {
-				peer.queue.inbound.c <- elem
-				device.queue.decryption.c <- elem
-				buffer = device.GetMessageBuffer()
-			} else {
-				device.PutInboundElement(elem)
-			}
-			continue
-
-		// otherwise it is a fixed size & handshake related packet
-
-		case MessageInitiationType:
-			okay = len(packet) == MessageInitiationSize
-
-		case MessageResponseType:
-			okay = len(packet) == MessageResponseSize
-
-		case MessageCookieReplyType:
-			okay = len(packet) == MessageCookieReplySize
-
-		default:
-			device.log.Verbosef("Received message with unknown type")
-		}
-
-		if okay {
 			select {
 			case device.queue.handshake.c <- QueueHandshakeElement{
 				msgType:  msgType,
-				buffer:   buffer,
+				buffer:   bufsArrs[i],
 				packet:   packet,
-				endpoint: endpoint,
+				endpoint: endpoints[i],
 			}:
-				buffer = device.GetMessageBuffer()
+				bufsArrs[i] = device.GetMessageBuffer()
+				bufs[i] = bufsArrs[i][:]
 			default:
 			}
 		}
+		for peer, elemsContainer := range elemsByPeer {
+			if peer.isRunning.Load() {
+				peer.queue.inbound.c <- elemsContainer
+				device.queue.decryption.c <- elemsContainer
+			} else {
+				for _, elem := range elemsContainer.elems {
+					device.PutMessageBuffer(elem.buffer)
+					device.PutInboundElement(elem)
+				}
+				device.PutInboundElementsContainer(elemsContainer)
+			}
+			delete(elemsByPeer, peer)
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -209,26 +242,28 @@ func (device *Device) RoutineDecryption(id int) {
 	defer device.log.Verbosef("Routine: decryption worker %d - stopped", id)
 	device.log.Verbosef("Routine: decryption worker %d - started", id)
 
-	for elem := range device.queue.decryption.c {
-		// split message into fields
-		counter := elem.packet[MessageTransportOffsetCounter:MessageTransportOffsetContent]
-		content := elem.packet[MessageTransportOffsetContent:]
+	for elemsContainer := range device.queue.decryption.c {
+		for _, elem := range elemsContainer.elems {
+			// split message into fields
+			counter := elem.packet[MessageTransportOffsetCounter:MessageTransportOffsetContent]
+			content := elem.packet[MessageTransportOffsetContent:]
 
-		// decrypt and release to consumer
-		var err error
-		elem.counter = binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(counter)
-		// copy counter to nonce
-		binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(nonce[0x4:0xc], elem.counter)
-		elem.packet, err = elem.keypair.receive.Open(
-			content[:0],
-			nonce[:],
-			content,
-			nil,
-		)
-		if err != nil {
-			elem.packet = nil
+			// decrypt and release to consumer
+			var err error
+			elem.counter = binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(counter)
+			// copy counter to nonce
+			binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(nonce[0x4:0xc], elem.counter)
+			elem.packet, err = elem.keypair.receive.Open(
+				content[:0],
+				nonce[:],
+				content,
+				nil,
+			)
+			if err != nil {
+				elem.packet = nil
+			}
 		}
-		elem.Unlock()
+		elemsContainer.Unlock()
 	}
 }
 
@@ -269,7 +304,7 @@ func (device *Device) RoutineHandshake(id int) {
 
 			// consume reply
 
-			if peer := entry.peer; peer.isRunning.Get() {
+			if peer := entry.peer; peer.isRunning.Load() {
 				device.log.Verbosef("Receiving cookie response from %s", elem.endpoint.DstToString())
 				if !peer.cookieGenerator.ConsumeReply(&reply) {
 					device.log.Verbosef("Could not decrypt invalid cookie response")
@@ -342,7 +377,7 @@ func (device *Device) RoutineHandshake(id int) {
 			peer.SetEndpointFromPacket(elem.endpoint)
 
 			device.log.Verbosef("%v - Received handshake initiation", peer)
-			atomic.AddUint64(&peer.stats.rxBytes, uint64(len(elem.packet)))
+			peer.rxBytes.Add(uint64(len(elem.packet)))
 
 			peer.SendHandshakeResponse()
 
@@ -370,7 +405,7 @@ func (device *Device) RoutineHandshake(id int) {
 			peer.SetEndpointFromPacket(elem.endpoint)
 
 			device.log.Verbosef("%v - Received handshake response", peer)
-			atomic.AddUint64(&peer.stats.rxBytes, uint64(len(elem.packet)))
+			peer.rxBytes.Add(uint64(len(elem.packet)))
 
 			// update timers
 
@@ -395,7 +430,7 @@ func (device *Device) RoutineHandshake(id int) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (peer *Peer) RoutineSequentialReceiver() {
+func (peer *Peer) RoutineSequentialReceiver(maxBatchSize int) {
 	device := peer.device
 	defer func() {
 		device.log.Verbosef("%v - Routine: sequential receiver - stopped", peer)
@@ -403,89 +438,103 @@ func (peer *Peer) RoutineSequentialReceiver() {
 	}()
 	device.log.Verbosef("%v - Routine: sequential receiver - started", peer)
 
-	for elem := range peer.queue.inbound.c {
-		if elem == nil {
+	bufs := make([][]byte, 0, maxBatchSize)
+
+	for elemsContainer := range peer.queue.inbound.c {
+		if elemsContainer == nil {
 			return
 		}
-		var err error
-		elem.Lock()
-		if elem.packet == nil {
-			// decryption failed
-			goto skip
-		}
-
-		if !elem.keypair.replayFilter.ValidateCounter(elem.counter, RejectAfterMessages) {
-			goto skip
-		}
-
-		peer.SetEndpointFromPacket(elem.endpoint)
-		if peer.ReceivedWithKeypair(elem.keypair) {
-			peer.timersHandshakeComplete()
-			peer.SendStagedPackets()
-		}
-
-		peer.keepKeyFreshReceiving()
-		peer.timersAnyAuthenticatedPacketTraversal()
-		peer.timersAnyAuthenticatedPacketReceived()
-		atomic.AddUint64(&peer.stats.rxBytes, uint64(len(elem.packet)+MinMessageSize))
-
-		if len(elem.packet) == 0 {
-			device.log.Verbosef("%v - Receiving keepalive packet", peer)
-			goto skip
-		}
-		peer.timersDataReceived()
-
-		switch elem.packet[0] >> 4 {
-		case ipv4.Version:
-			if len(elem.packet) < ipv4.HeaderLen {
-				goto skip
-			}
-			field := elem.packet[IPv4offsetTotalLength : IPv4offsetTotalLength+2]
-			length := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(field)
-			if int(length) > len(elem.packet) || int(length) < ipv4.HeaderLen {
-				goto skip
-			}
-			elem.packet = elem.packet[:length]
-			src := elem.packet[IPv4offsetSrc : IPv4offsetSrc+net.IPv4len]
-			if device.allowedips.Lookup(src) != peer {
-				device.log.Verbosef("IPv4 packet with disallowed source address from %v", peer)
-				goto skip
+		elemsContainer.Lock()
+		validTailPacket := -1
+		dataPacketReceived := false
+		rxBytesLen := uint64(0)
+		for i, elem := range elemsContainer.elems {
+			if elem.packet == nil {
+				// decryption failed
+				continue
 			}
 
-		case ipv6.Version:
-			if len(elem.packet) < ipv6.HeaderLen {
-				goto skip
-			}
-			field := elem.packet[IPv6offsetPayloadLength : IPv6offsetPayloadLength+2]
-			length := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(field)
-			length += ipv6.HeaderLen
-			if int(length) > len(elem.packet) {
-				goto skip
-			}
-			elem.packet = elem.packet[:length]
-			src := elem.packet[IPv6offsetSrc : IPv6offsetSrc+net.IPv6len]
-			if device.allowedips.Lookup(src) != peer {
-				device.log.Verbosef("IPv6 packet with disallowed source address from %v", peer)
-				goto skip
+			if !elem.keypair.replayFilter.ValidateCounter(elem.counter, RejectAfterMessages) {
+				continue
 			}
 
-		default:
-			device.log.Verbosef("Packet with invalid IP version from %v", peer)
-			goto skip
+			validTailPacket = i
+			if peer.ReceivedWithKeypair(elem.keypair) {
+				peer.SetEndpointFromPacket(elem.endpoint)
+				peer.timersHandshakeComplete()
+				peer.SendStagedPackets()
+			}
+			rxBytesLen += uint64(len(elem.packet) + MinMessageSize)
+
+			if len(elem.packet) == 0 {
+				device.log.Verbosef("%v - Receiving keepalive packet", peer)
+				continue
+			}
+			dataPacketReceived = true
+
+			switch elem.packet[0] >> 4 {
+			case 4:
+				if len(elem.packet) < ipv4.HeaderLen {
+					continue
+				}
+				field := elem.packet[IPv4offsetTotalLength : IPv4offsetTotalLength+2]
+				length := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(field)
+				if int(length) > len(elem.packet) || int(length) < ipv4.HeaderLen {
+					continue
+				}
+				elem.packet = elem.packet[:length]
+				src := elem.packet[IPv4offsetSrc : IPv4offsetSrc+net.IPv4len]
+				if device.allowedips.Lookup(src) != peer {
+					device.log.Verbosef("IPv4 packet with disallowed source address from %v", peer)
+					continue
+				}
+
+			case 6:
+				if len(elem.packet) < ipv6.HeaderLen {
+					continue
+				}
+				field := elem.packet[IPv6offsetPayloadLength : IPv6offsetPayloadLength+2]
+				length := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(field)
+				length += ipv6.HeaderLen
+				if int(length) > len(elem.packet) {
+					continue
+				}
+				elem.packet = elem.packet[:length]
+				src := elem.packet[IPv6offsetSrc : IPv6offsetSrc+net.IPv6len]
+				if device.allowedips.Lookup(src) != peer {
+					device.log.Verbosef("IPv6 packet with disallowed source address from %v", peer)
+					continue
+				}
+
+			default:
+				device.log.Verbosef("Packet with invalid IP version from %v", peer)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			bufs = append(bufs, elem.buffer[:MessageTransportOffsetContent+len(elem.packet)])
 		}
 
-		_, err = device.tun.device.Write(elem.buffer[:MessageTransportOffsetContent+len(elem.packet)], MessageTransportOffsetContent)
-		if err != nil && !device.isClosed() {
-			device.log.Errorf("Failed to write packet to TUN device: %v", err)
+		peer.rxBytes.Add(rxBytesLen)
+		if validTailPacket >= 0 {
+			peer.SetEndpointFromPacket(elemsContainer.elems[validTailPacket].endpoint)
+			peer.keepKeyFreshReceiving()
+			peer.timersAnyAuthenticatedPacketTraversal()
+			peer.timersAnyAuthenticatedPacketReceived()
 		}
-		if len(peer.queue.inbound.c) == 0 {
-			err = device.tun.device.Flush()
-			if err != nil {
-				peer.device.log.Errorf("Unable to flush packets: %v", err)
+		if dataPacketReceived {
+			peer.timersDataReceived()
+		}
+		if len(bufs) > 0 {
+			_, err := device.tun.device.Write(bufs, MessageTransportOffsetContent)
+			if err != nil && !device.isClosed() {
+				device.log.Errorf("Failed to write packets to TUN device: %v", err)
 			}
 		}
-	skip:
-		device.PutMessageBuffer(elem.buffer)
-		device.PutInboundElement(elem)
+		for _, elem := range elemsContainer.elems {
+			device.PutMessageBuffer(elem.buffer)
+			device.PutInboundElement(elem)
+		}
+		bufs = bufs[:0]
+		device.PutInboundElementsContainer(elemsContainer)
 	}
 }

device/send.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
@@ -12,12 +12,13 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"os"
 	"sync"
-	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/chacha20poly1305"
 	"golang.org/x/net/ipv4"
 	"golang.org/x/net/ipv6"
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun"
 )
 
 /* Outbound flow
@@ -45,7 +46,6 @@ import (
  */
 
 type QueueOutboundElement struct {
-	sync.Mutex
 	buffer  *[MaxMessageSize]byte // slice holding the packet data
 	packet  []byte                // slice of "buffer" (always!)
 	nonce   uint64                // nonce for encryption
@@ -53,10 +53,14 @@ type QueueOutboundElement struct {
 	peer    *Peer                 // related peer
 }
 
+type QueueOutboundElementsContainer struct {
+	sync.Mutex
+	elems []*QueueOutboundElement
+}
+
 func (device *Device) NewOutboundElement() *QueueOutboundElement {
 	elem := device.GetOutboundElement()
 	elem.buffer = device.GetMessageBuffer()
-	elem.Mutex = sync.Mutex{}
 	elem.nonce = 0
 	// keypair and peer were cleared (if necessary) by clearPointers.
 	return elem
@@ -76,14 +80,17 @@ func (elem *QueueOutboundElement) clearPointers() {
 /* Queues a keepalive if no packets are queued for peer
  */
 func (peer *Peer) SendKeepalive() {
-	if len(peer.queue.staged) == 0 && peer.isRunning.Get() {
+	if len(peer.queue.staged) == 0 && peer.isRunning.Load() {
 		elem := peer.device.NewOutboundElement()
+		elemsContainer := peer.device.GetOutboundElementsContainer()
+		elemsContainer.elems = append(elemsContainer.elems, elem)
 		select {
-		case peer.queue.staged <- elem:
+		case peer.queue.staged <- elemsContainer:
 			peer.device.log.Verbosef("%v - Sending keepalive packet", peer)
 		default:
 			peer.device.PutMessageBuffer(elem.buffer)
 			peer.device.PutOutboundElement(elem)
+			peer.device.PutOutboundElementsContainer(elemsContainer)
 		}
 	}
 	peer.SendStagedPackets()
@@ -91,7 +98,7 @@ func (peer *Peer) SendKeepalive() {
 
 func (peer *Peer) SendHandshakeInitiation(isRetry bool) error {
 	if !isRetry {
-		atomic.StoreUint32(&peer.timers.handshakeAttempts, 0)
+		peer.timers.handshakeAttempts.Store(0)
 	}
 
 	peer.handshake.mutex.RLock()
@@ -117,8 +124,8 @@ func (peer *Peer) SendHandshakeInitiation(isRetry bool) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	var buff [MessageInitiationSize]byte
-	writer := bytes.NewBuffer(buff[:0])
+	var buf [MessageInitiationSize]byte
+	writer := bytes.NewBuffer(buf[:0])
 	binary.Write(writer, binary.LittleEndian, msg)
 	packet := writer.Bytes()
 	peer.cookieGenerator.AddMacs(packet)
@@ -126,7 +133,7 @@ func (peer *Peer) SendHandshakeInitiation(isRetry bool) error {
 	peer.timersAnyAuthenticatedPacketTraversal()
 	peer.timersAnyAuthenticatedPacketSent()
 
-	err = peer.SendBuffer(packet)
+	err = peer.SendBuffers([][]byte{packet})
 	if err != nil {
 		peer.device.log.Errorf("%v - Failed to send handshake initiation: %v", peer, err)
 	}
@@ -148,8 +155,8 @@ func (peer *Peer) SendHandshakeResponse() error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	var buff [MessageResponseSize]byte
-	writer := bytes.NewBuffer(buff[:0])
+	var buf [MessageResponseSize]byte
+	writer := bytes.NewBuffer(buf[:0])
 	binary.Write(writer, binary.LittleEndian, response)
 	packet := writer.Bytes()
 	peer.cookieGenerator.AddMacs(packet)
@@ -164,7 +171,8 @@ func (peer *Peer) SendHandshakeResponse() error {
 	peer.timersAnyAuthenticatedPacketTraversal()
 	peer.timersAnyAuthenticatedPacketSent()
 
-	err = peer.SendBuffer(packet)
+	// TODO: allocation could be avoided
+	err = peer.SendBuffers([][]byte{packet})
 	if err != nil {
 		peer.device.log.Errorf("%v - Failed to send handshake response: %v", peer, err)
 	}
@@ -181,10 +189,11 @@ func (device *Device) SendHandshakeCookie(initiatingElem *QueueHandshakeElement)
 		return err
 	}
 
-	var buff [MessageCookieReplySize]byte
-	writer := bytes.NewBuffer(buff[:0])
+	var buf [MessageCookieReplySize]byte
+	writer := bytes.NewBuffer(buf[:0])
 	binary.Write(writer, binary.LittleEndian, reply)
-	device.net.bind.Send(writer.Bytes(), initiatingElem.endpoint)
+	// TODO: allocation could be avoided
+	device.net.bind.Send([][]byte{writer.Bytes()}, initiatingElem.endpoint)
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -193,17 +202,12 @@ func (peer *Peer) keepKeyFreshSending() {
 	if keypair == nil {
 		return
 	}
-	nonce := atomic.LoadUint64(&keypair.sendNonce)
+	nonce := keypair.sendNonce.Load()
 	if nonce > RekeyAfterMessages || (keypair.isInitiator && time.Since(keypair.created) > RekeyAfterTime) {
 		peer.SendHandshakeInitiation(false)
 	}
 }
 
-/* Reads packets from the TUN and inserts
- * into staged queue for peer
- *
- * Obs. Single instance per TUN device
- */
 func (device *Device) RoutineReadFromTUN() {
 	defer func() {
 		device.log.Verbosef("Routine: TUN reader - stopped")
@@ -213,82 +217,123 @@ func (device *Device) RoutineReadFromTUN() {
 
 	device.log.Verbosef("Routine: TUN reader - started")
 
-	var elem *QueueOutboundElement
+	var (
+		batchSize   = device.BatchSize()
+		readErr     error
+		elems       = make([]*QueueOutboundElement, batchSize)
+		bufs        = make([][]byte, batchSize)
+		elemsByPeer = make(map[*Peer]*QueueOutboundElementsContainer, batchSize)
+		count       = 0
+		sizes       = make([]int, batchSize)
+		offset      = MessageTransportHeaderSize
+	)
+
+	for i := range elems {
+		elems[i] = device.NewOutboundElement()
+		bufs[i] = elems[i].buffer[:]
+	}
+
+	defer func() {
+		for _, elem := range elems {
+			if elem != nil {
+				device.PutMessageBuffer(elem.buffer)
+				device.PutOutboundElement(elem)
+			}
+		}
+	}()
 
 	for {
-		if elem != nil {
-			device.PutMessageBuffer(elem.buffer)
-			device.PutOutboundElement(elem)
+		// read packets
+		count, readErr = device.tun.device.Read(bufs, sizes, offset)
+		for i := 0; i < count; i++ {
+			if sizes[i] < 1 {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			elem := elems[i]
+			elem.packet = bufs[i][offset : offset+sizes[i]]
+
+			// lookup peer
+			var peer *Peer
+			switch elem.packet[0] >> 4 {
+			case 4:
+				if len(elem.packet) < ipv4.HeaderLen {
+					continue
+				}
+				dst := elem.packet[IPv4offsetDst : IPv4offsetDst+net.IPv4len]
+				peer = device.allowedips.Lookup(dst)
+
+			case 6:
+				if len(elem.packet) < ipv6.HeaderLen {
+					continue
+				}
+				dst := elem.packet[IPv6offsetDst : IPv6offsetDst+net.IPv6len]
+				peer = device.allowedips.Lookup(dst)
+
+			default:
+				device.log.Verbosef("Received packet with unknown IP version")
+			}
+
+			if peer == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			elemsForPeer, ok := elemsByPeer[peer]
+			if !ok {
+				elemsForPeer = device.GetOutboundElementsContainer()
+				elemsByPeer[peer] = elemsForPeer
+			}
+			elemsForPeer.elems = append(elemsForPeer.elems, elem)
+			elems[i] = device.NewOutboundElement()
+			bufs[i] = elems[i].buffer[:]
 		}
-		elem = device.NewOutboundElement()
 
-		// read packet
+		for peer, elemsForPeer := range elemsByPeer {
+			if peer.isRunning.Load() {
+				peer.StagePackets(elemsForPeer)
+				peer.SendStagedPackets()
+			} else {
+				for _, elem := range elemsForPeer.elems {
+					device.PutMessageBuffer(elem.buffer)
+					device.PutOutboundElement(elem)
+				}
+				device.PutOutboundElementsContainer(elemsForPeer)
+			}
+			delete(elemsByPeer, peer)
+		}
 
-		offset := MessageTransportHeaderSize
-		size, err := device.tun.device.Read(elem.buffer[:], offset)
-
-		if err != nil {
+		if readErr != nil {
+			if errors.Is(readErr, tun.ErrTooManySegments) {
+				// TODO: record stat for this
+				// This will happen if MSS is surprisingly small (< 576)
+				// coincident with reasonably high throughput.
+				device.log.Verbosef("Dropped some packets from multi-segment read: %v", readErr)
+				continue
+			}
 			if !device.isClosed() {
-				if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrClosed) {
-					device.log.Errorf("Failed to read packet from TUN device: %v", err)
+				if !errors.Is(readErr, os.ErrClosed) {
+					device.log.Errorf("Failed to read packet from TUN device: %v", readErr)
 				}
 				go device.Close()
 			}
-			device.PutMessageBuffer(elem.buffer)
-			device.PutOutboundElement(elem)
 			return
 		}
-
-		if size == 0 || size > MaxContentSize {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		elem.packet = elem.buffer[offset : offset+size]
-
-		// lookup peer
-
-		var peer *Peer
-		switch elem.packet[0] >> 4 {
-		case ipv4.Version:
-			if len(elem.packet) < ipv4.HeaderLen {
-				continue
-			}
-			dst := elem.packet[IPv4offsetDst : IPv4offsetDst+net.IPv4len]
-			peer = device.allowedips.Lookup(dst)
-
-		case ipv6.Version:
-			if len(elem.packet) < ipv6.HeaderLen {
-				continue
-			}
-			dst := elem.packet[IPv6offsetDst : IPv6offsetDst+net.IPv6len]
-			peer = device.allowedips.Lookup(dst)
-
-		default:
-			device.log.Verbosef("Received packet with unknown IP version")
-		}
-
-		if peer == nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		if peer.isRunning.Get() {
-			peer.StagePacket(elem)
-			elem = nil
-			peer.SendStagedPackets()
-		}
 	}
 }
 
-func (peer *Peer) StagePacket(elem *QueueOutboundElement) {
+func (peer *Peer) StagePackets(elems *QueueOutboundElementsContainer) {
 	for {
 		select {
-		case peer.queue.staged <- elem:
+		case peer.queue.staged <- elems:
 			return
 		default:
 		}
 		select {
 		case tooOld := <-peer.queue.staged:
-			peer.device.PutMessageBuffer(tooOld.buffer)
-			peer.device.PutOutboundElement(tooOld)
+			for _, elem := range tooOld.elems {
+				peer.device.PutMessageBuffer(elem.buffer)
+				peer.device.PutOutboundElement(elem)
+			}
+			peer.device.PutOutboundElementsContainer(tooOld)
 		default:
 		}
 	}
@@ -301,32 +346,59 @@ top:
 	}
 
 	keypair := peer.keypairs.Current()
-	if keypair == nil || atomic.LoadUint64(&keypair.sendNonce) >= RejectAfterMessages || time.Since(keypair.created) >= RejectAfterTime {
+	if keypair == nil || keypair.sendNonce.Load() >= RejectAfterMessages || time.Since(keypair.created) >= RejectAfterTime {
 		peer.SendHandshakeInitiation(false)
 		return
 	}
 
 	for {
+		var elemsContainerOOO *QueueOutboundElementsContainer
 		select {
-		case elem := <-peer.queue.staged:
-			elem.peer = peer
-			elem.nonce = atomic.AddUint64(&keypair.sendNonce, 1) - 1
-			if elem.nonce >= RejectAfterMessages {
-				atomic.StoreUint64(&keypair.sendNonce, RejectAfterMessages)
-				peer.StagePacket(elem) // XXX: Out of order, but we can't front-load go chans
+		case elemsContainer := <-peer.queue.staged:
+			i := 0
+			for _, elem := range elemsContainer.elems {
+				elem.peer = peer
+				elem.nonce = keypair.sendNonce.Add(1) - 1
+				if elem.nonce >= RejectAfterMessages {
+					keypair.sendNonce.Store(RejectAfterMessages)
+					if elemsContainerOOO == nil {
+						elemsContainerOOO = peer.device.GetOutboundElementsContainer()
+					}
+					elemsContainerOOO.elems = append(elemsContainerOOO.elems, elem)
+					continue
+				} else {
+					elemsContainer.elems[i] = elem
+					i++
+				}
+
+				elem.keypair = keypair
+			}
+			elemsContainer.Lock()
+			elemsContainer.elems = elemsContainer.elems[:i]
+
+			if elemsContainerOOO != nil {
+				peer.StagePackets(elemsContainerOOO) // XXX: Out of order, but we can't front-load go chans
+			}
+
+			if len(elemsContainer.elems) == 0 {
+				peer.device.PutOutboundElementsContainer(elemsContainer)
 				goto top
 			}
 
-			elem.keypair = keypair
-			elem.Lock()
-
 			// add to parallel and sequential queue
-			if peer.isRunning.Get() {
-				peer.queue.outbound.c <- elem
-				peer.device.queue.encryption.c <- elem
+			if peer.isRunning.Load() {
+				peer.queue.outbound.c <- elemsContainer
+				peer.device.queue.encryption.c <- elemsContainer
 			} else {
-				peer.device.PutMessageBuffer(elem.buffer)
-				peer.device.PutOutboundElement(elem)
+				for _, elem := range elemsContainer.elems {
+					peer.device.PutMessageBuffer(elem.buffer)
+					peer.device.PutOutboundElement(elem)
+				}
+				peer.device.PutOutboundElementsContainer(elemsContainer)
+			}
+
+			if elemsContainerOOO != nil {
+				goto top
 			}
 		default:
 			return
@@ -337,9 +409,12 @@ top:
 func (peer *Peer) FlushStagedPackets() {
 	for {
 		select {
-		case elem := <-peer.queue.staged:
-			peer.device.PutMessageBuffer(elem.buffer)
-			peer.device.PutOutboundElement(elem)
+		case elemsContainer := <-peer.queue.staged:
+			for _, elem := range elemsContainer.elems {
+				peer.device.PutMessageBuffer(elem.buffer)
+				peer.device.PutOutboundElement(elem)
+			}
+			peer.device.PutOutboundElementsContainer(elemsContainer)
 		default:
 			return
 		}
@@ -373,41 +448,38 @@ func (device *Device) RoutineEncryption(id int) {
 	defer device.log.Verbosef("Routine: encryption worker %d - stopped", id)
 	device.log.Verbosef("Routine: encryption worker %d - started", id)
 
-	for elem := range device.queue.encryption.c {
-		// populate header fields
-		header := elem.buffer[:MessageTransportHeaderSize]
+	for elemsContainer := range device.queue.encryption.c {
+		for _, elem := range elemsContainer.elems {
+			// populate header fields
+			header := elem.buffer[:MessageTransportHeaderSize]
 
-		fieldType := header[0:4]
-		fieldReceiver := header[4:8]
-		fieldNonce := header[8:16]
+			fieldType := header[0:4]
+			fieldReceiver := header[4:8]
+			fieldNonce := header[8:16]
 
-		binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(fieldType, MessageTransportType)
-		binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(fieldReceiver, elem.keypair.remoteIndex)
-		binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(fieldNonce, elem.nonce)
+			binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(fieldType, MessageTransportType)
+			binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(fieldReceiver, elem.keypair.remoteIndex)
+			binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(fieldNonce, elem.nonce)
 
-		// pad content to multiple of 16
-		paddingSize := calculatePaddingSize(len(elem.packet), int(atomic.LoadInt32(&device.tun.mtu)))
-		elem.packet = append(elem.packet, paddingZeros[:paddingSize]...)
+			// pad content to multiple of 16
+			paddingSize := calculatePaddingSize(len(elem.packet), int(device.tun.mtu.Load()))
+			elem.packet = append(elem.packet, paddingZeros[:paddingSize]...)
 
-		// encrypt content and release to consumer
+			// encrypt content and release to consumer
 
-		binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(nonce[4:], elem.nonce)
-		elem.packet = elem.keypair.send.Seal(
-			header,
-			nonce[:],
-			elem.packet,
-			nil,
-		)
-		elem.Unlock()
+			binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(nonce[4:], elem.nonce)
+			elem.packet = elem.keypair.send.Seal(
+				header,
+				nonce[:],
+				elem.packet,
+				nil,
+			)
+		}
+		elemsContainer.Unlock()
 	}
 }
 
-/* Sequentially reads packets from queue and sends to endpoint
- *
- * Obs. Single instance per peer.
- * The routine terminates then the outbound queue is closed.
- */
-func (peer *Peer) RoutineSequentialSender() {
+func (peer *Peer) RoutineSequentialSender(maxBatchSize int) {
 	device := peer.device
 	defer func() {
 		defer device.log.Verbosef("%v - Routine: sequential sender - stopped", peer)
@@ -415,36 +487,57 @@ func (peer *Peer) RoutineSequentialSender() {
 	}()
 	device.log.Verbosef("%v - Routine: sequential sender - started", peer)
 
-	for elem := range peer.queue.outbound.c {
-		if elem == nil {
+	bufs := make([][]byte, 0, maxBatchSize)
+
+	for elemsContainer := range peer.queue.outbound.c {
+		bufs = bufs[:0]
+		if elemsContainer == nil {
 			return
 		}
-		elem.Lock()
-		if !peer.isRunning.Get() {
+		if !peer.isRunning.Load() {
 			// peer has been stopped; return re-usable elems to the shared pool.
 			// This is an optimization only. It is possible for the peer to be stopped
 			// immediately after this check, in which case, elem will get processed.
-			// The timers and SendBuffer code are resilient to a few stragglers.
+			// The timers and SendBuffers code are resilient to a few stragglers.
 			// TODO: rework peer shutdown order to ensure
 			// that we never accidentally keep timers alive longer than necessary.
-			device.PutMessageBuffer(elem.buffer)
-			device.PutOutboundElement(elem)
+			elemsContainer.Lock()
+			for _, elem := range elemsContainer.elems {
+				device.PutMessageBuffer(elem.buffer)
+				device.PutOutboundElement(elem)
+			}
 			continue
 		}
+		dataSent := false
+		elemsContainer.Lock()
+		for _, elem := range elemsContainer.elems {
+			if len(elem.packet) != MessageKeepaliveSize {
+				dataSent = true
+			}
+			bufs = append(bufs, elem.packet)
+		}
 
 		peer.timersAnyAuthenticatedPacketTraversal()
 		peer.timersAnyAuthenticatedPacketSent()
 
-		// send message and return buffer to pool
-
-		err := peer.SendBuffer(elem.packet)
-		if len(elem.packet) != MessageKeepaliveSize {
+		err := peer.SendBuffers(bufs)
+		if dataSent {
 			peer.timersDataSent()
 		}
-		device.PutMessageBuffer(elem.buffer)
-		device.PutOutboundElement(elem)
+		for _, elem := range elemsContainer.elems {
+			device.PutMessageBuffer(elem.buffer)
+			device.PutOutboundElement(elem)
+		}
+		device.PutOutboundElementsContainer(elemsContainer)
 		if err != nil {
-			device.log.Errorf("%v - Failed to send data packet: %v", peer, err)
+			var errGSO conn.ErrUDPGSODisabled
+			if errors.As(err, &errGSO) {
+				device.log.Verbosef(err.Error())
+				err = errGSO.RetryErr
+			}
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			device.log.Errorf("%v - Failed to send data packets: %v", peer, err)
 			continue
 		}
 

device/sticky_linux.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  *
  * This implements userspace semantics of "sticky sockets", modeled after
  * WireGuard's kernelspace implementation. This is more or less a straight port
@@ -25,7 +25,10 @@ import (
 )
 
 func (device *Device) startRouteListener(bind conn.Bind) (*rwcancel.RWCancel, error) {
-	if _, ok := bind.(*conn.LinuxSocketBind); !ok {
+	if !conn.StdNetSupportsStickySockets {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	if _, ok := bind.(*conn.StdNetBind); !ok {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
 
@@ -107,17 +110,17 @@ func (device *Device) routineRouteListener(bind conn.Bind, netlinkSock int, netl
 								if !ok {
 									break
 								}
-								pePtr.peer.Lock()
-								if &pePtr.peer.endpoint != pePtr.endpoint {
-									pePtr.peer.Unlock()
+								pePtr.peer.endpoint.Lock()
+								if &pePtr.peer.endpoint.val != pePtr.endpoint {
+									pePtr.peer.endpoint.Unlock()
 									break
 								}
-								if uint32(pePtr.peer.endpoint.(*conn.LinuxSocketEndpoint).Src4().Ifindex) == ifidx {
-									pePtr.peer.Unlock()
+								if uint32(pePtr.peer.endpoint.val.(*conn.StdNetEndpoint).SrcIfidx()) == ifidx {
+									pePtr.peer.endpoint.Unlock()
 									break
 								}
-								pePtr.peer.endpoint.(*conn.LinuxSocketEndpoint).ClearSrc()
-								pePtr.peer.Unlock()
+								pePtr.peer.endpoint.clearSrcOnTx = true
+								pePtr.peer.endpoint.Unlock()
 							}
 							attr = attr[attrhdr.Len:]
 						}
@@ -131,18 +134,18 @@ func (device *Device) routineRouteListener(bind conn.Bind, netlinkSock int, netl
 					device.peers.RLock()
 					i := uint32(1)
 					for _, peer := range device.peers.keyMap {
-						peer.RLock()
-						if peer.endpoint == nil {
-							peer.RUnlock()
+						peer.endpoint.Lock()
+						if peer.endpoint.val == nil {
+							peer.endpoint.Unlock()
 							continue
 						}
-						nativeEP, _ := peer.endpoint.(*conn.LinuxSocketEndpoint)
+						nativeEP, _ := peer.endpoint.val.(*conn.StdNetEndpoint)
 						if nativeEP == nil {
-							peer.RUnlock()
+							peer.endpoint.Unlock()
 							continue
 						}
-						if nativeEP.IsV6() || nativeEP.Src4().Ifindex == 0 {
-							peer.RUnlock()
+						if nativeEP.DstIP().Is6() || nativeEP.SrcIfidx() == 0 {
+							peer.endpoint.Unlock()
 							break
 						}
 						nlmsg := struct {
@@ -169,12 +172,12 @@ func (device *Device) routineRouteListener(bind conn.Bind, netlinkSock int, netl
 								Len:  8,
 								Type: unix.RTA_DST,
 							},
-							nativeEP.Dst4().Addr,
+							nativeEP.DstIP().As4(),
 							unix.RtAttr{
 								Len:  8,
 								Type: unix.RTA_SRC,
 							},
-							nativeEP.Src4().Src,
+							nativeEP.SrcIP().As4(),
 							unix.RtAttr{
 								Len:  8,
 								Type: unix.RTA_MARK,
@@ -185,10 +188,10 @@ func (device *Device) routineRouteListener(bind conn.Bind, netlinkSock int, netl
 						reqPeerLock.Lock()
 						reqPeer[i] = peerEndpointPtr{
 							peer:     peer,
-							endpoint: &peer.endpoint,
+							endpoint: &peer.endpoint.val,
 						}
 						reqPeerLock.Unlock()
-						peer.RUnlock()
+						peer.endpoint.Unlock()
 						i++
 						_, err := netlinkCancel.Write((*[unsafe.Sizeof(nlmsg)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&nlmsg))[:])
 						if err != nil {
@@ -204,7 +207,7 @@ func (device *Device) routineRouteListener(bind conn.Bind, netlinkSock int, netl
 }
 
 func createNetlinkRouteSocket() (int, error) {
-	sock, err := unix.Socket(unix.AF_NETLINK, unix.SOCK_RAW, unix.NETLINK_ROUTE)
+	sock, err := unix.Socket(unix.AF_NETLINK, unix.SOCK_RAW|unix.SOCK_CLOEXEC, unix.NETLINK_ROUTE)
 	if err != nil {
 		return -1, err
 	}

device/timers.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  *
  * This is based heavily on timers.c from the kernel implementation.
  */
@@ -8,12 +8,14 @@
 package device
 
 import (
-	"math/rand"
 	"sync"
-	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
+	_ "unsafe"
 )
 
+//go:linkname fastrandn runtime.fastrandn
+func fastrandn(n uint32) uint32
+
 // A Timer manages time-based aspects of the WireGuard protocol.
 // Timer roughly copies the interface of the Linux kernel's struct timer_list.
 type Timer struct {
@@ -71,11 +73,11 @@ func (timer *Timer) IsPending() bool {
 }
 
 func (peer *Peer) timersActive() bool {
-	return peer.isRunning.Get() && peer.device != nil && peer.device.isUp()
+	return peer.isRunning.Load() && peer.device != nil && peer.device.isUp()
 }
 
 func expiredRetransmitHandshake(peer *Peer) {
-	if atomic.LoadUint32(&peer.timers.handshakeAttempts) > MaxTimerHandshakes {
+	if peer.timers.handshakeAttempts.Load() > MaxTimerHandshakes {
 		peer.device.log.Verbosef("%s - Handshake did not complete after %d attempts, giving up", peer, MaxTimerHandshakes+2)
 
 		if peer.timersActive() {
@@ -94,15 +96,11 @@ func expiredRetransmitHandshake(peer *Peer) {
 			peer.timers.zeroKeyMaterial.Mod(RejectAfterTime * 3)
 		}
 	} else {
-		atomic.AddUint32(&peer.timers.handshakeAttempts, 1)
-		peer.device.log.Verbosef("%s - Handshake did not complete after %d seconds, retrying (try %d)", peer, int(RekeyTimeout.Seconds()), atomic.LoadUint32(&peer.timers.handshakeAttempts)+1)
+		peer.timers.handshakeAttempts.Add(1)
+		peer.device.log.Verbosef("%s - Handshake did not complete after %d seconds, retrying (try %d)", peer, int(RekeyTimeout.Seconds()), peer.timers.handshakeAttempts.Load()+1)
 
 		/* We clear the endpoint address src address, in case this is the cause of trouble. */
-		peer.Lock()
-		if peer.endpoint != nil {
-			peer.endpoint.ClearSrc()
-		}
-		peer.Unlock()
+		peer.markEndpointSrcForClearing()
 
 		peer.SendHandshakeInitiation(true)
 	}
@@ -110,8 +108,8 @@ func expiredRetransmitHandshake(peer *Peer) {
 
 func expiredSendKeepalive(peer *Peer) {
 	peer.SendKeepalive()
-	if peer.timers.needAnotherKeepalive.Get() {
-		peer.timers.needAnotherKeepalive.Set(false)
+	if peer.timers.needAnotherKeepalive.Load() {
+		peer.timers.needAnotherKeepalive.Store(false)
 		if peer.timersActive() {
 			peer.timers.sendKeepalive.Mod(KeepaliveTimeout)
 		}
@@ -121,13 +119,8 @@ func expiredSendKeepalive(peer *Peer) {
 func expiredNewHandshake(peer *Peer) {
 	peer.device.log.Verbosef("%s - Retrying handshake because we stopped hearing back after %d seconds", peer, int((KeepaliveTimeout + RekeyTimeout).Seconds()))
 	/* We clear the endpoint address src address, in case this is the cause of trouble. */
-	peer.Lock()
-	if peer.endpoint != nil {
-		peer.endpoint.ClearSrc()
-	}
-	peer.Unlock()
+	peer.markEndpointSrcForClearing()
 	peer.SendHandshakeInitiation(false)
-
 }
 
 func expiredZeroKeyMaterial(peer *Peer) {
@@ -136,7 +129,7 @@ func expiredZeroKeyMaterial(peer *Peer) {
 }
 
 func expiredPersistentKeepalive(peer *Peer) {
-	if atomic.LoadUint32(&peer.persistentKeepaliveInterval) > 0 {
+	if peer.persistentKeepaliveInterval.Load() > 0 {
 		peer.SendKeepalive()
 	}
 }
@@ -144,7 +137,7 @@ func expiredPersistentKeepalive(peer *Peer) {
 /* Should be called after an authenticated data packet is sent. */
 func (peer *Peer) timersDataSent() {
 	if peer.timersActive() && !peer.timers.newHandshake.IsPending() {
-		peer.timers.newHandshake.Mod(KeepaliveTimeout + RekeyTimeout + time.Millisecond*time.Duration(rand.Int31n(RekeyTimeoutJitterMaxMs)))
+		peer.timers.newHandshake.Mod(KeepaliveTimeout + RekeyTimeout + time.Millisecond*time.Duration(fastrandn(RekeyTimeoutJitterMaxMs)))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -154,7 +147,7 @@ func (peer *Peer) timersDataReceived() {
 		if !peer.timers.sendKeepalive.IsPending() {
 			peer.timers.sendKeepalive.Mod(KeepaliveTimeout)
 		} else {
-			peer.timers.needAnotherKeepalive.Set(true)
+			peer.timers.needAnotherKeepalive.Store(true)
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -176,7 +169,7 @@ func (peer *Peer) timersAnyAuthenticatedPacketReceived() {
 /* Should be called after a handshake initiation message is sent. */
 func (peer *Peer) timersHandshakeInitiated() {
 	if peer.timersActive() {
-		peer.timers.retransmitHandshake.Mod(RekeyTimeout + time.Millisecond*time.Duration(rand.Int31n(RekeyTimeoutJitterMaxMs)))
+		peer.timers.retransmitHandshake.Mod(RekeyTimeout + time.Millisecond*time.Duration(fastrandn(RekeyTimeoutJitterMaxMs)))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -185,9 +178,9 @@ func (peer *Peer) timersHandshakeComplete() {
 	if peer.timersActive() {
 		peer.timers.retransmitHandshake.Del()
 	}
-	atomic.StoreUint32(&peer.timers.handshakeAttempts, 0)
-	peer.timers.sentLastMinuteHandshake.Set(false)
-	atomic.StoreInt64(&peer.stats.lastHandshakeNano, time.Now().UnixNano())
+	peer.timers.handshakeAttempts.Store(0)
+	peer.timers.sentLastMinuteHandshake.Store(false)
+	peer.lastHandshakeNano.Store(time.Now().UnixNano())
 }
 
 /* Should be called after an ephemeral key is created, which is before sending a handshake response or after receiving a handshake response. */
@@ -199,7 +192,7 @@ func (peer *Peer) timersSessionDerived() {
 
 /* Should be called before a packet with authentication -- keepalive, data, or handshake -- is sent, or after one is received. */
 func (peer *Peer) timersAnyAuthenticatedPacketTraversal() {
-	keepalive := atomic.LoadUint32(&peer.persistentKeepaliveInterval)
+	keepalive := peer.persistentKeepaliveInterval.Load()
 	if keepalive > 0 && peer.timersActive() {
 		peer.timers.persistentKeepalive.Mod(time.Duration(keepalive) * time.Second)
 	}
@@ -214,9 +207,9 @@ func (peer *Peer) timersInit() {
 }
 
 func (peer *Peer) timersStart() {
-	atomic.StoreUint32(&peer.timers.handshakeAttempts, 0)
-	peer.timers.sentLastMinuteHandshake.Set(false)
-	peer.timers.needAnotherKeepalive.Set(false)
+	peer.timers.handshakeAttempts.Store(0)
+	peer.timers.sentLastMinuteHandshake.Store(false)
+	peer.timers.needAnotherKeepalive.Store(false)
 }
 
 func (peer *Peer) timersStop() {

device/tun.go

@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"sync/atomic"
 
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun"
 )
@@ -33,7 +32,7 @@ func (device *Device) RoutineTUNEventReader() {
 				tooLarge = fmt.Sprintf(" (too large, capped at %v)", MaxContentSize)
 				mtu = MaxContentSize
 			}
-			old := atomic.SwapInt32(&device.tun.mtu, int32(mtu))
+			old := device.tun.mtu.Swap(int32(mtu))
 			if int(old) != mtu {
 				device.log.Verbosef("MTU updated: %v%s", mtu, tooLarge)
 			}

device/uapi.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package device
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
-	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/ipc"
@@ -38,12 +38,12 @@ func (s IPCError) ErrorCode() int64 {
 	return s.code
 }
 
-func ipcErrorf(code int64, msg string, args ...interface{}) *IPCError {
+func ipcErrorf(code int64, msg string, args ...any) *IPCError {
 	return &IPCError{code: code, err: fmt.Errorf(msg, args...)}
 }
 
 var byteBufferPool = &sync.Pool{
-	New: func() interface{} { return new(bytes.Buffer) },
+	New: func() any { return new(bytes.Buffer) },
 }
 
 // IpcGetOperation implements the WireGuard configuration protocol "get" operation.
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ func (device *Device) IpcGetOperation(w io.Writer) error {
 	buf := byteBufferPool.Get().(*bytes.Buffer)
 	buf.Reset()
 	defer byteBufferPool.Put(buf)
-	sendf := func(format string, args ...interface{}) {
+	sendf := func(format string, args ...any) {
 		fmt.Fprintf(buf, format, args...)
 		buf.WriteByte('\n')
 	}
@@ -72,7 +72,6 @@ func (device *Device) IpcGetOperation(w io.Writer) error {
 	}
 
 	func() {
-
 		// lock required resources
 
 		device.net.RLock()
@@ -98,31 +97,31 @@ func (device *Device) IpcGetOperation(w io.Writer) error {
 			sendf("fwmark=%d", device.net.fwmark)
 		}
 
-		// serialize each peer state
-
 		for _, peer := range device.peers.keyMap {
-			peer.RLock()
-			defer peer.RUnlock()
-
+			// Serialize peer state.
+			peer.handshake.mutex.RLock()
 			keyf("public_key", (*[32]byte)(&peer.handshake.remoteStatic))
 			keyf("preshared_key", (*[32]byte)(&peer.handshake.presharedKey))
+			peer.handshake.mutex.RUnlock()
 			sendf("protocol_version=1")
-			if peer.endpoint != nil {
-				sendf("endpoint=%s", peer.endpoint.DstToString())
+			peer.endpoint.Lock()
+			if peer.endpoint.val != nil {
+				sendf("endpoint=%s", peer.endpoint.val.DstToString())
 			}
+			peer.endpoint.Unlock()
 
-			nano := atomic.LoadInt64(&peer.stats.lastHandshakeNano)
+			nano := peer.lastHandshakeNano.Load()
 			secs := nano / time.Second.Nanoseconds()
 			nano %= time.Second.Nanoseconds()
 
 			sendf("last_handshake_time_sec=%d", secs)
 			sendf("last_handshake_time_nsec=%d", nano)
-			sendf("tx_bytes=%d", atomic.LoadUint64(&peer.stats.txBytes))
-			sendf("rx_bytes=%d", atomic.LoadUint64(&peer.stats.rxBytes))
-			sendf("persistent_keepalive_interval=%d", atomic.LoadUint32(&peer.persistentKeepaliveInterval))
+			sendf("tx_bytes=%d", peer.txBytes.Load())
+			sendf("rx_bytes=%d", peer.rxBytes.Load())
+			sendf("persistent_keepalive_interval=%d", peer.persistentKeepaliveInterval.Load())
 
-			device.allowedips.EntriesForPeer(peer, func(ip net.IP, cidr uint8) bool {
-				sendf("allowed_ip=%s/%d", ip.String(), cidr)
+			device.allowedips.EntriesForPeer(peer, func(prefix netip.Prefix) bool {
+				sendf("allowed_ip=%s", prefix.String())
 				return true
 			})
 		}
@@ -156,14 +155,13 @@ func (device *Device) IpcSetOperation(r io.Reader) (err error) {
 		line := scanner.Text()
 		if line == "" {
 			// Blank line means terminate operation.
+			peer.handlePostConfig()
 			return nil
 		}
-		parts := strings.Split(line, "=")
-		if len(parts) != 2 {
-			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorProtocol, "failed to parse line %q, found %d =-separated parts, want 2", line, len(parts))
+		key, value, ok := strings.Cut(line, "=")
+		if !ok {
+			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorProtocol, "failed to parse line %q", line)
 		}
-		key := parts[0]
-		value := parts[1]
 
 		if key == "public_key" {
 			if deviceConfig {
@@ -254,10 +252,21 @@ type ipcSetPeer struct {
 	*Peer        // Peer is the current peer being operated on
 	dummy   bool // dummy reports whether this peer is a temporary, placeholder peer
 	created bool // new reports whether this is a newly created peer
+	pkaOn   bool // pkaOn reports whether the peer had the persistent keepalive turn on
 }
 
 func (peer *ipcSetPeer) handlePostConfig() {
-	if peer.Peer != nil && !peer.dummy && peer.Peer.device.isUp() {
+	if peer.Peer == nil || peer.dummy {
+		return
+	}
+	if peer.created {
+		peer.endpoint.disableRoaming = peer.device.net.brokenRoaming && peer.endpoint.val != nil
+	}
+	if peer.device.isUp() {
+		peer.Start()
+		if peer.pkaOn {
+			peer.SendKeepalive()
+		}
 		peer.SendStagedPackets()
 	}
 }
@@ -334,9 +343,9 @@ func (device *Device) handlePeerLine(peer *ipcSetPeer, key, value string) error
 		if err != nil {
 			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "failed to set endpoint %v: %w", value, err)
 		}
-		peer.Lock()
-		defer peer.Unlock()
-		peer.endpoint = endpoint
+		peer.endpoint.Lock()
+		defer peer.endpoint.Unlock()
+		peer.endpoint.val = endpoint
 
 	case "persistent_keepalive_interval":
 		device.log.Verbosef("%v - UAPI: Updating persistent keepalive interval", peer.Peer)
@@ -346,17 +355,10 @@ func (device *Device) handlePeerLine(peer *ipcSetPeer, key, value string) error
 			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "failed to set persistent keepalive interval: %w", err)
 		}
 
-		old := atomic.SwapUint32(&peer.persistentKeepaliveInterval, uint32(secs))
+		old := peer.persistentKeepaliveInterval.Swap(uint32(secs))
 
 		// Send immediate keepalive if we're turning it on and before it wasn't on.
-		if old == 0 && secs != 0 {
-			if err != nil {
-				return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorIO, "failed to get tun device status: %w", err)
-			}
-			if device.isUp() && !peer.dummy {
-				peer.SendKeepalive()
-			}
-		}
+		peer.pkaOn = old == 0 && secs != 0
 
 	case "replace_allowed_ips":
 		device.log.Verbosef("%v - UAPI: Removing all allowedips", peer.Peer)
@@ -370,16 +372,14 @@ func (device *Device) handlePeerLine(peer *ipcSetPeer, key, value string) error
 
 	case "allowed_ip":
 		device.log.Verbosef("%v - UAPI: Adding allowedip", peer.Peer)
-
-		_, network, err := net.ParseCIDR(value)
+		prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(value)
 		if err != nil {
 			return ipcErrorf(ipc.IpcErrorInvalid, "failed to set allowed ip: %w", err)
 		}
 		if peer.dummy {
 			return nil
 		}
-		ones, _ := network.Mask.Size()
-		device.allowedips.Insert(network.IP, uint8(ones), peer.Peer)
+		device.allowedips.Insert(prefix, peer.Peer)
 
 	case "protocol_version":
 		if value != "1" {

format_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 package main
 

go.mod

@@ -1,9 +1,18 @@
 module golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard
 
-go 1.17
+go 1.23.1
+
+toolchain go1.24.0
 
 require (
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210921155107-089bfa567519
-	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210927181540-4e4d966f7476
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210927094055-39ccf1dd6fa6
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.34.0
+	golang.org/x/net v0.35.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.30.0
+	golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2
+	gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20250218181608-84670a4fc612
+)
+
+require (
+	github.com/google/btree v1.1.3 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/time v0.10.0 // indirect
 )

go.sum

@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210921155107-089bfa567519 h1:7I4JAnoQBe7ZtJcBaYHi5UtiO8tQHbUSXxL+pnGRANg=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210921155107-089bfa567519/go.mod h1:GvvjBRRGRdwPK5ydBHafDWAxML/pGHZbMvKqRZ5+Abc=
-golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210226172049-e18ecbb05110/go.mod h1:m0MpNAwzfU5UDzcl9v0D8zg8gWTRqZa9RBIspLL5mdg=
-golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210927181540-4e4d966f7476 h1:s5hu7bTnLKswvidgtqc4GwsW83m9LZu8UAqzmWOZtI4=
-golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210927181540-4e4d966f7476/go.mod h1:9nx3DQGgdP8bBQD5qxJ1jj9UTztislL4KSBs9R2vV5Y=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20201119102817-f84b799fce68/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210423082822-04245dca01da/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210615035016-665e8c7367d1/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210927094055-39ccf1dd6fa6 h1:foEbQz/B0Oz6YIqu/69kfXPYeFQAuuMYFkjaqXzl5Wo=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210927094055-39ccf1dd6fa6/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
-golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.3.6/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
+github.com/google/btree v1.1.3 h1:CVpQJjYgC4VbzxeGVHfvZrv1ctoYCAI8vbl07Fcxlyg=
+github.com/google/btree v1.1.3/go.mod h1:qOPhT0dTNdNzV6Z/lhRX0YXUafgPLFUh+gZMl761Gm4=
+github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0 h1:ofyhxvXcZhMsU5ulbFiLKl/XBFqE1GSq7atu8tAmTRI=
+github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0/go.mod h1:17dUlkBOakJ0+DkrSSNjCkIjxS6bF9zb3elmeNGIjoY=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.34.0 h1:+/C6tk6rf/+t5DhUketUbD1aNGqiSX3j15Z6xuIDlBA=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.34.0/go.mod h1:dy7dXNW32cAb/6/PRuTNsix8T+vJAqvuIy5Bli/x0YQ=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.21.0 h1:vvrHzRwRfVKSiLrG+d4FMl/Qi4ukBCE6kZlTUkDYRT0=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.21.0/go.mod h1:6SkKJ3Xj0I0BrPOZoBy3bdMptDDU9oJrpohJ3eWZ1fY=
+golang.org/x/net v0.35.0 h1:T5GQRQb2y08kTAByq9L4/bz8cipCdA8FbRTXewonqY8=
+golang.org/x/net v0.35.0/go.mod h1:EglIi67kWsHKlRzzVMUD93VMSWGFOMSZgxFjparz1Qk=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.30.0 h1:QjkSwP/36a20jFYWkSue1YwXzLmsV5Gfq7Eiy72C1uc=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.30.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
+golang.org/x/time v0.10.0 h1:3usCWA8tQn0L8+hFJQNgzpWbd89begxN66o1Ojdn5L4=
+golang.org/x/time v0.10.0/go.mod h1:3BpzKBy/shNhVucY/MWOyx10tF3SFh9QdLuxbVysPQM=
+golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2 h1:B82qJJgjvYKsXS9jeunTOisW56dUokqW/FOteYJJ/yg=
+golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2/go.mod h1:deeaetjYA+DHMHg+sMSMI58GrEteJUUzzw7en6TJQcI=
+gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20250218181608-84670a4fc612 h1:Ah91Og1rlLUY0Sm/fP3vQsAtFoWrOoPTJ+4320GDL2k=
+gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20250218181608-84670a4fc612/go.mod h1:5DMfjtclAbTIjbXqO1qCe2K5GKKxWz2JHvCChuTcJEM=

ipc/namedpipe/file.go

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
+// Copyright 2021 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2015 Microsoft
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
 //go:build windows
 
-/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2005 Microsoft
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
- */
-
-package winpipe
+package namedpipe
 
 import (
 	"io"
@@ -22,8 +21,10 @@ import (
 
 type timeoutChan chan struct{}
 
-var ioInitOnce sync.Once
-var ioCompletionPort windows.Handle
+var (
+	ioInitOnce       sync.Once
+	ioCompletionPort windows.Handle
+)
 
 // ioResult contains the result of an asynchronous IO operation
 type ioResult struct {
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ type file struct {
 	handle        windows.Handle
 	wg            sync.WaitGroup
 	wgLock        sync.RWMutex
-	closing       uint32 // used as atomic boolean
+	closing       atomic.Bool
 	socket        bool
 	readDeadline  deadlineHandler
 	writeDeadline deadlineHandler
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ type deadlineHandler struct {
 	channel     timeoutChan
 	channelLock sync.RWMutex
 	timer       *time.Timer
-	timedout    uint32 // used as atomic boolean
+	timedout    atomic.Bool
 }
 
 // makeFile makes a new file from an existing file handle
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ func makeFile(h windows.Handle) (*file, error) {
 func (f *file) closeHandle() {
 	f.wgLock.Lock()
 	// Atomically set that we are closing, releasing the resources only once.
-	if atomic.SwapUint32(&f.closing, 1) == 0 {
+	if f.closing.Swap(true) == false {
 		f.wgLock.Unlock()
 		// cancel all IO and wait for it to complete
 		windows.CancelIoEx(f.handle, nil)
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ func (f *file) Close() error {
 // The caller must call f.wg.Done() when the IO is finished, prior to Close() returning.
 func (f *file) prepareIo() (*ioOperation, error) {
 	f.wgLock.RLock()
-	if atomic.LoadUint32(&f.closing) == 1 {
+	if f.closing.Load() {
 		f.wgLock.RUnlock()
 		return nil, os.ErrClosed
 	}
@@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ func (f *file) asyncIo(c *ioOperation, d *deadlineHandler, bytes uint32, err err
 		return int(bytes), err
 	}
 
-	if atomic.LoadUint32(&f.closing) == 1 {
+	if f.closing.Load() {
 		windows.CancelIoEx(f.handle, &c.o)
 	}
 
@@ -158,7 +159,7 @@ func (f *file) asyncIo(c *ioOperation, d *deadlineHandler, bytes uint32, err err
 	case r = <-c.ch:
 		err = r.err
 		if err == windows.ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED {
-			if atomic.LoadUint32(&f.closing) == 1 {
+			if f.closing.Load() {
 				err = os.ErrClosed
 			}
 		} else if err != nil && f.socket {
@@ -190,7 +191,7 @@ func (f *file) Read(b []byte) (int, error) {
 	}
 	defer f.wg.Done()
 
-	if atomic.LoadUint32(&f.readDeadline.timedout) == 1 {
+	if f.readDeadline.timedout.Load() {
 		return 0, os.ErrDeadlineExceeded
 	}
 
@@ -217,7 +218,7 @@ func (f *file) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
 	}
 	defer f.wg.Done()
 
-	if atomic.LoadUint32(&f.writeDeadline.timedout) == 1 {
+	if f.writeDeadline.timedout.Load() {
 		return 0, os.ErrDeadlineExceeded
 	}
 
@@ -254,7 +255,7 @@ func (d *deadlineHandler) set(deadline time.Time) error {
 		}
 		d.timer = nil
 	}
-	atomic.StoreUint32(&d.timedout, 0)
+	d.timedout.Store(false)
 
 	select {
 	case <-d.channel:
@@ -269,7 +270,7 @@ func (d *deadlineHandler) set(deadline time.Time) error {
 	}
 
 	timeoutIO := func() {
-		atomic.StoreUint32(&d.timedout, 1)
+		d.timedout.Store(true)
 		close(d.channel)
 	}
 

ipc/namedpipe/namedpipe.go

@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
+// Copyright 2021 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2015 Microsoft
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
 //go:build windows
 
-/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2005 Microsoft
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
- */
-
-// Package winpipe implements a net.Conn and net.Listener around Windows named pipes.
-package winpipe
+// Package namedpipe implements a net.Conn and net.Listener around Windows named pipes.
+package namedpipe
 
 import (
 	"context"
@@ -15,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"os"
 	"runtime"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 	"unsafe"
 
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ type pipe struct {
 
 type messageBytePipe struct {
 	pipe
-	writeClosed bool
+	writeClosed atomic.Bool
 	readEOF     bool
 }
 
@@ -50,25 +50,26 @@ func (f *pipe) SetDeadline(t time.Time) error {
 
 // CloseWrite closes the write side of a message pipe in byte mode.
 func (f *messageBytePipe) CloseWrite() error {
-	if f.writeClosed {
+	if !f.writeClosed.CompareAndSwap(false, true) {
 		return io.ErrClosedPipe
 	}
 	err := f.file.Flush()
 	if err != nil {
+		f.writeClosed.Store(false)
 		return err
 	}
 	_, err = f.file.Write(nil)
 	if err != nil {
+		f.writeClosed.Store(false)
 		return err
 	}
-	f.writeClosed = true
 	return nil
 }
 
 // Write writes bytes to a message pipe in byte mode. Zero-byte writes are ignored, since
 // they are used to implement CloseWrite.
 func (f *messageBytePipe) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
-	if f.writeClosed {
+	if f.writeClosed.Load() {
 		return 0, io.ErrClosedPipe
 	}
 	if len(b) == 0 {
@@ -142,30 +143,24 @@ type DialConfig struct {
 	ExpectedOwner *windows.SID // If non-nil, the pipe is verified to be owned by this SID.
 }
 
-// Dial connects to the specified named pipe by path, timing out if the connection
-// takes longer than the specified duration. If timeout is nil, then we use
-// a default timeout of 2 seconds.
-func Dial(path string, timeout *time.Duration, config *DialConfig) (net.Conn, error) {
-	var absTimeout time.Time
-	if timeout != nil {
-		absTimeout = time.Now().Add(*timeout)
-	} else {
-		absTimeout = time.Now().Add(2 * time.Second)
+// DialTimeout connects to the specified named pipe by path, timing out if the
+// connection  takes longer than the specified duration. If timeout is zero, then
+// we use a default timeout of 2 seconds.
+func (config *DialConfig) DialTimeout(path string, timeout time.Duration) (net.Conn, error) {
+	if timeout == 0 {
+		timeout = time.Second * 2
 	}
+	absTimeout := time.Now().Add(timeout)
 	ctx, _ := context.WithDeadline(context.Background(), absTimeout)
-	conn, err := DialContext(ctx, path, config)
+	conn, err := config.DialContext(ctx, path)
 	if err == context.DeadlineExceeded {
 		return nil, os.ErrDeadlineExceeded
 	}
 	return conn, err
 }
 
-// DialContext attempts to connect to the specified named pipe by path
-// cancellation or timeout.
-func DialContext(ctx context.Context, path string, config *DialConfig) (net.Conn, error) {
-	if config == nil {
-		config = &DialConfig{}
-	}
+// DialContext attempts to connect to the specified named pipe by path.
+func (config *DialConfig) DialContext(ctx context.Context, path string) (net.Conn, error) {
 	var err error
 	var h windows.Handle
 	h, err = tryDialPipe(ctx, &path)
@@ -213,6 +208,18 @@ func DialContext(ctx context.Context, path string, config *DialConfig) (net.Conn
 	return &pipe{file: f, path: path}, nil
 }
 
+var defaultDialer DialConfig
+
+// DialTimeout calls DialConfig.DialTimeout using an empty configuration.
+func DialTimeout(path string, timeout time.Duration) (net.Conn, error) {
+	return defaultDialer.DialTimeout(path, timeout)
+}
+
+// DialContext calls DialConfig.DialContext using an empty configuration.
+func DialContext(ctx context.Context, path string) (net.Conn, error) {
+	return defaultDialer.DialContext(ctx, path)
+}
+
 type acceptResponse struct {
 	f   *file
 	err error
@@ -222,12 +229,12 @@ type pipeListener struct {
 	firstHandle windows.Handle
 	path        string
 	config      ListenConfig
-	acceptCh    chan (chan acceptResponse)
+	acceptCh    chan chan acceptResponse
 	closeCh     chan int
 	doneCh      chan int
 }
 
-func makeServerPipeHandle(path string, sd *windows.SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR, c *ListenConfig, first bool) (windows.Handle, error) {
+func makeServerPipeHandle(path string, sd *windows.SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR, c *ListenConfig, isFirstPipe bool) (windows.Handle, error) {
 	path16, err := windows.UTF16PtrFromString(path)
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, &os.PathError{Op: "open", Path: path, Err: err}
@@ -247,7 +254,7 @@ func makeServerPipeHandle(path string, sd *windows.SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR, c *Liste
 	oa.ObjectName = &ntPath
 
 	// The security descriptor is only needed for the first pipe.
-	if first {
+	if isFirstPipe {
 		if sd != nil {
 			oa.SecurityDescriptor = sd
 		} else {
@@ -257,7 +264,7 @@ func makeServerPipeHandle(path string, sd *windows.SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR, c *Liste
 				return 0, err
 			}
 			defer windows.LocalFree(windows.Handle(unsafe.Pointer(acl)))
-			sd, err := windows.NewSecurityDescriptor()
+			sd, err = windows.NewSecurityDescriptor()
 			if err != nil {
 				return 0, err
 			}
@@ -275,11 +282,11 @@ func makeServerPipeHandle(path string, sd *windows.SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR, c *Liste
 
 	disposition := uint32(windows.FILE_OPEN)
 	access := uint32(windows.GENERIC_READ | windows.GENERIC_WRITE | windows.SYNCHRONIZE)
-	if first {
+	if isFirstPipe {
 		disposition = windows.FILE_CREATE
 		// By not asking for read or write access, the named pipe file system
 		// will put this pipe into an initially disconnected state, blocking
-		// client connections until the next call with first == false.
+		// client connections until the next call with isFirstPipe == false.
 		access = windows.SYNCHRONIZE
 	}
 
@@ -395,10 +402,7 @@ type ListenConfig struct {
 
 // Listen creates a listener on a Windows named pipe path,such as \\.\pipe\mypipe.
 // The pipe must not already exist.
-func Listen(path string, c *ListenConfig) (net.Listener, error) {
-	if c == nil {
-		c = &ListenConfig{}
-	}
+func (c *ListenConfig) Listen(path string) (net.Listener, error) {
 	h, err := makeServerPipeHandle(path, c.SecurityDescriptor, c, true)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -407,12 +411,12 @@ func Listen(path string, c *ListenConfig) (net.Listener, error) {
 		firstHandle: h,
 		path:        path,
 		config:      *c,
-		acceptCh:    make(chan (chan acceptResponse)),
+		acceptCh:    make(chan chan acceptResponse),
 		closeCh:     make(chan int),
 		doneCh:      make(chan int),
 	}
 	// The first connection is swallowed on Windows 7 & 8, so synthesize it.
-	if maj, _, _ := windows.RtlGetNtVersionNumbers(); maj <= 8 {
+	if maj, min, _ := windows.RtlGetNtVersionNumbers(); maj < 6 || (maj == 6 && min < 4) {
 		path16, err := windows.UTF16PtrFromString(path)
 		if err == nil {
 			h, err = windows.CreateFile(path16, 0, 0, nil, windows.OPEN_EXISTING, windows.SECURITY_SQOS_PRESENT|windows.SECURITY_ANONYMOUS, 0)
@@ -425,6 +429,13 @@ func Listen(path string, c *ListenConfig) (net.Listener, error) {
 	return l, nil
 }
 
+var defaultListener ListenConfig
+
+// Listen calls ListenConfig.Listen using an empty configuration.
+func Listen(path string) (net.Listener, error) {
+	return defaultListener.Listen(path)
+}
+
 func connectPipe(p *file) error {
 	c, err := p.prepareIo()
 	if err != nil {

ipc/namedpipe/namedpipe_test.go

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
+// Copyright 2021 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2015 Microsoft
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
 //go:build windows
 
-/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2005 Microsoft
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
- */
-
-package winpipe_test
+package namedpipe_test
 
 import (
 	"bufio"
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/ipc/winpipe"
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/ipc/namedpipe"
 )
 
 func randomPipePath() string {
@@ -30,7 +29,7 @@ func randomPipePath() string {
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
-	return `\\.\PIPE\go-winpipe-test-` + guid.String()
+	return `\\.\PIPE\go-namedpipe-test-` + guid.String()
 }
 
 func TestPingPong(t *testing.T) {
@@ -39,7 +38,7 @@ func TestPingPong(t *testing.T) {
 		pong = 24
 	)
 	pipePath := randomPipePath()
-	listener, err := winpipe.Listen(pipePath, nil)
+	listener, err := namedpipe.Listen(pipePath)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("unable to listen on pipe: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -64,11 +63,12 @@ func TestPingPong(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Fatalf("unable to write pong to pipe: %v", err)
 		}
 	}()
-	client, err := winpipe.Dial(pipePath, nil, nil)
+	client, err := namedpipe.DialTimeout(pipePath, time.Duration(0))
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("unable to dial pipe: %v", err)
 	}
 	defer client.Close()
+	client.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(time.Second * 5))
 	var data [1]byte
 	data[0] = ping
 	_, err = client.Write(data[:])
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ func TestPingPong(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestDialUnknownFailsImmediately(t *testing.T) {
-	_, err := winpipe.Dial(randomPipePath(), nil, nil)
+	_, err := namedpipe.DialTimeout(randomPipePath(), time.Duration(0))
 	if !errors.Is(err, syscall.ENOENT) {
 		t.Fatalf("expected ENOENT got %v", err)
 	}
@@ -93,13 +93,15 @@ func TestDialUnknownFailsImmediately(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestDialListenerTimesOut(t *testing.T) {
 	pipePath := randomPipePath()
-	l, err := winpipe.Listen(pipePath, nil)
+	l, err := namedpipe.Listen(pipePath)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	defer l.Close()
-	d := 10 * time.Millisecond
-	_, err = winpipe.Dial(pipePath, &d, nil)
+	pipe, err := namedpipe.DialTimeout(pipePath, 10*time.Millisecond)
+	if err == nil {
+		pipe.Close()
+	}
 	if err != os.ErrDeadlineExceeded {
 		t.Fatalf("expected os.ErrDeadlineExceeded, got %v", err)
 	}
@@ -107,14 +109,17 @@ func TestDialListenerTimesOut(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestDialContextListenerTimesOut(t *testing.T) {
 	pipePath := randomPipePath()
-	l, err := winpipe.Listen(pipePath, nil)
+	l, err := namedpipe.Listen(pipePath)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	defer l.Close()
 	d := 10 * time.Millisecond
 	ctx, _ := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), d)
-	_, err = winpipe.DialContext(ctx, pipePath, nil)
+	pipe, err := namedpipe.DialContext(ctx, pipePath)
+	if err == nil {
+		pipe.Close()
+	}
 	if err != context.DeadlineExceeded {
 		t.Fatalf("expected context.DeadlineExceeded, got %v", err)
 	}
@@ -123,14 +128,14 @@ func TestDialContextListenerTimesOut(t *testing.T) {
 func TestDialListenerGetsCancelled(t *testing.T) {
 	pipePath := randomPipePath()
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	l, err := winpipe.Listen(pipePath, nil)
+	l, err := namedpipe.Listen(pipePath)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	ch := make(chan error)
 	defer l.Close()
+	ch := make(chan error)
 	go func(ctx context.Context, ch chan error) {
-		_, err := winpipe.DialContext(ctx, pipePath, nil)
+		_, err := namedpipe.DialContext(ctx, pipePath)
 		ch <- err
 	}(ctx, ch)
 	time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 30)
@@ -147,23 +152,28 @@ func TestDialAccessDeniedWithRestrictedSD(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	pipePath := randomPipePath()
 	sd, _ := windows.SecurityDescriptorFromString("D:")
-	c := winpipe.ListenConfig{
+	l, err := (&namedpipe.ListenConfig{
 		SecurityDescriptor: sd,
-	}
-	l, err := winpipe.Listen(pipePath, &c)
+	}).Listen(pipePath)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	defer l.Close()
-	_, err = winpipe.Dial(pipePath, nil, nil)
+	pipe, err := namedpipe.DialTimeout(pipePath, time.Duration(0))
+	if err == nil {
+		pipe.Close()
+	}
 	if !errors.Is(err, windows.ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) {
 		t.Fatalf("expected ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED, got %v", err)
 	}
 }
 
-func getConnection(cfg *winpipe.ListenConfig) (client net.Conn, server net.Conn, err error) {
+func getConnection(cfg *namedpipe.ListenConfig) (client, server net.Conn, err error) {
 	pipePath := randomPipePath()
-	l, err := winpipe.Listen(pipePath, cfg)
+	if cfg == nil {
+		cfg = &namedpipe.ListenConfig{}
+	}
+	l, err := cfg.Listen(pipePath)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -179,7 +189,7 @@ func getConnection(cfg *winpipe.ListenConfig) (client net.Conn, server net.Conn,
 		ch <- response{c, err}
 	}()
 
-	c, err := winpipe.Dial(pipePath, nil, nil)
+	c, err := namedpipe.DialTimeout(pipePath, time.Duration(0))
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -236,7 +246,7 @@ func server(l net.Listener, ch chan int) {
 
 func TestFullListenDialReadWrite(t *testing.T) {
 	pipePath := randomPipePath()
-	l, err := winpipe.Listen(pipePath, nil)
+	l, err := namedpipe.Listen(pipePath)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -245,7 +255,7 @@ func TestFullListenDialReadWrite(t *testing.T) {
 	ch := make(chan int)
 	go server(l, ch)
 
-	c, err := winpipe.Dial(pipePath, nil, nil)
+	c, err := namedpipe.DialTimeout(pipePath, time.Duration(0))
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -275,7 +285,7 @@ func TestFullListenDialReadWrite(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestCloseAbortsListen(t *testing.T) {
 	pipePath := randomPipePath()
-	l, err := winpipe.Listen(pipePath, nil)
+	l, err := namedpipe.Listen(pipePath)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -328,7 +338,7 @@ func TestCloseServerEOFClient(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCloseWriteEOF(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &winpipe.ListenConfig{
+	cfg := &namedpipe.ListenConfig{
 		MessageMode: true,
 	}
 	c, s, err := getConnection(cfg)
@@ -356,7 +366,7 @@ func TestCloseWriteEOF(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestAcceptAfterCloseFails(t *testing.T) {
 	pipePath := randomPipePath()
-	l, err := winpipe.Listen(pipePath, nil)
+	l, err := namedpipe.Listen(pipePath)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -369,12 +379,15 @@ func TestAcceptAfterCloseFails(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestDialTimesOutByDefault(t *testing.T) {
 	pipePath := randomPipePath()
-	l, err := winpipe.Listen(pipePath, nil)
+	l, err := namedpipe.Listen(pipePath)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	defer l.Close()
-	_, err = winpipe.Dial(pipePath, nil, nil)
+	pipe, err := namedpipe.DialTimeout(pipePath, time.Duration(0)) // Should timeout after 2 seconds.
+	if err == nil {
+		pipe.Close()
+	}
 	if err != os.ErrDeadlineExceeded {
 		t.Fatalf("expected os.ErrDeadlineExceeded, got %v", err)
 	}
@@ -382,7 +395,7 @@ func TestDialTimesOutByDefault(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestTimeoutPendingRead(t *testing.T) {
 	pipePath := randomPipePath()
-	l, err := winpipe.Listen(pipePath, nil)
+	l, err := namedpipe.Listen(pipePath)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -400,7 +413,7 @@ func TestTimeoutPendingRead(t *testing.T) {
 		close(serverDone)
 	}()
 
-	client, err := winpipe.Dial(pipePath, nil, nil)
+	client, err := namedpipe.DialTimeout(pipePath, time.Duration(0))
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -430,7 +443,7 @@ func TestTimeoutPendingRead(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestTimeoutPendingWrite(t *testing.T) {
 	pipePath := randomPipePath()
-	l, err := winpipe.Listen(pipePath, nil)
+	l, err := namedpipe.Listen(pipePath)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -448,7 +461,7 @@ func TestTimeoutPendingWrite(t *testing.T) {
 		close(serverDone)
 	}()
 
-	client, err := winpipe.Dial(pipePath, nil, nil)
+	client, err := namedpipe.DialTimeout(pipePath, time.Duration(0))
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -480,13 +493,12 @@ type CloseWriter interface {
 }
 
 func TestEchoWithMessaging(t *testing.T) {
-	c := winpipe.ListenConfig{
+	pipePath := randomPipePath()
+	l, err := (&namedpipe.ListenConfig{
 		MessageMode:      true,  // Use message mode so that CloseWrite() is supported
 		InputBufferSize:  65536, // Use 64KB buffers to improve performance
 		OutputBufferSize: 65536,
-	}
-	pipePath := randomPipePath()
-	l, err := winpipe.Listen(pipePath, &c)
+	}).Listen(pipePath)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -496,19 +508,21 @@ func TestEchoWithMessaging(t *testing.T) {
 	clientDone := make(chan bool)
 	go func() {
 		// server echo
-		conn, e := l.Accept()
-		if e != nil {
-			t.Fatal(e)
+		conn, err := l.Accept()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 		defer conn.Close()
 
 		time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond) // make *sure* we don't begin to read before eof signal is sent
-		io.Copy(conn, conn)
+		_, err = io.Copy(conn, conn)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
 		conn.(CloseWriter).CloseWrite()
 		close(listenerDone)
 	}()
-	timeout := 1 * time.Second
-	client, err := winpipe.Dial(pipePath, &timeout, nil)
+	client, err := namedpipe.DialTimeout(pipePath, time.Second)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -521,7 +535,7 @@ func TestEchoWithMessaging(t *testing.T) {
 		if e != nil {
 			t.Fatal(e)
 		}
-		if n != 2 {
+		if n != 2 || bytes[0] != 0 || bytes[1] != 1 {
 			t.Fatalf("expected 2 bytes, got %v", n)
 		}
 		close(clientDone)
@@ -545,7 +559,7 @@ func TestEchoWithMessaging(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestConnectRace(t *testing.T) {
 	pipePath := randomPipePath()
-	l, err := winpipe.Listen(pipePath, nil)
+	l, err := namedpipe.Listen(pipePath)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -565,7 +579,7 @@ func TestConnectRace(t *testing.T) {
 	}()
 
 	for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
-		c, err := winpipe.Dial(pipePath, nil, nil)
+		c, err := namedpipe.DialTimeout(pipePath, time.Duration(0))
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
@@ -580,7 +594,7 @@ func TestMessageReadMode(t *testing.T) {
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
 	defer wg.Wait()
 	pipePath := randomPipePath()
-	l, err := winpipe.Listen(pipePath, &winpipe.ListenConfig{MessageMode: true})
+	l, err := (&namedpipe.ListenConfig{MessageMode: true}).Listen(pipePath)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -602,7 +616,7 @@ func TestMessageReadMode(t *testing.T) {
 		s.Close()
 	}()
 
-	c, err := winpipe.Dial(pipePath, nil, nil)
+	c, err := namedpipe.DialTimeout(pipePath, time.Duration(0))
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -643,13 +657,13 @@ func TestListenConnectRace(t *testing.T) {
 		var wg sync.WaitGroup
 		wg.Add(1)
 		go func() {
-			c, err := winpipe.Dial(pipePath, nil, nil)
+			c, err := namedpipe.DialTimeout(pipePath, time.Duration(0))
 			if err == nil {
 				c.Close()
 			}
 			wg.Done()
 		}()
-		s, err := winpipe.Listen(pipePath, nil)
+		s, err := namedpipe.Listen(pipePath)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Error(i, err)
 		} else {

ipc/uapi_bsd.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package ipc
@@ -54,7 +54,6 @@ func (l *UAPIListener) Addr() net.Addr {
 }
 
 func UAPIListen(name string, file *os.File) (net.Listener, error) {
-
 	// wrap file in listener
 
 	listener, err := net.FileListener(file)
@@ -104,7 +103,7 @@ func UAPIListen(name string, file *os.File) (net.Listener, error) {
 				l.connErr <- err
 				return
 			}
-			if kerr != nil || n != 1 {
+			if (kerr != nil || n != 1) && kerr != unix.EINTR {
 				if kerr != nil {
 					l.connErr <- kerr
 				} else {

ipc/uapi_linux.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package ipc
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@ func (l *UAPIListener) Addr() net.Addr {
 }
 
 func UAPIListen(name string, file *os.File) (net.Listener, error) {
-
 	// wrap file in listener
 
 	listener, err := net.FileListener(file)
@@ -97,7 +96,7 @@ func UAPIListen(name string, file *os.File) (net.Listener, error) {
 	}
 
 	go func(l *UAPIListener) {
-		var buff [0]byte
+		var buf [0]byte
 		for {
 			defer uapi.inotifyRWCancel.Close()
 			// start with lstat to avoid race condition
@@ -105,7 +104,7 @@ func UAPIListen(name string, file *os.File) (net.Listener, error) {
 				l.connErr <- err
 				return
 			}
-			_, err := uapi.inotifyRWCancel.Read(buff[:])
+			_, err := uapi.inotifyRWCancel.Read(buf[:])
 			if err != nil {
 				l.connErr <- err
 				return

ipc/uapi_unix.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package ipc
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ func sockPath(iface string) string {
 }
 
 func UAPIOpen(name string) (*os.File, error) {
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(socketDirectory, 0755); err != nil {
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(socketDirectory, 0o755); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ func UAPIOpen(name string) (*os.File, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	oldUmask := unix.Umask(0077)
+	oldUmask := unix.Umask(0o077)
 	defer unix.Umask(oldUmask)
 
 	listener, err := net.ListenUnix("unix", addr)

ipc/uapi_wasm.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ */
+
+package ipc
+
+// Made up sentinel error codes for {js,wasip1}/wasm.
+const (
+	IpcErrorIO        = 1
+	IpcErrorInvalid   = 2
+	IpcErrorPortInUse = 3
+	IpcErrorUnknown   = 4
+	IpcErrorProtocol  = 5
+)

ipc/uapi_windows.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package ipc
@@ -9,8 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"net"
 
 	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
-
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/ipc/winpipe"
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/ipc/namedpipe"
 )
 
 // TODO: replace these with actual standard windows error numbers from the win package
@@ -61,10 +60,9 @@ func init() {
 }
 
 func UAPIListen(name string) (net.Listener, error) {
-	config := winpipe.ListenConfig{
+	listener, err := (&namedpipe.ListenConfig{
 		SecurityDescriptor: UAPISecurityDescriptor,
-	}
-	listener, err := winpipe.Listen(`\\.\pipe\ProtectedPrefix\Administrators\WireGuard\`+name, &config)
+	}).Listen(`\\.\pipe\ProtectedPrefix\Administrators\WireGuard\` + name)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}

main.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package main
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ import (
 	"os/signal"
 	"runtime"
 	"strconv"
-	"syscall"
 
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/device"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/ipc"
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ func main() {
 
 	// open TUN device (or use supplied fd)
 
-	tun, err := func() (tun.Device, error) {
+	tdev, err := func() (tun.Device, error) {
 		tunFdStr := os.Getenv(ENV_WG_TUN_FD)
 		if tunFdStr == "" {
 			return tun.CreateTUN(interfaceName, device.DefaultMTU)
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ func main() {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 
-		err = syscall.SetNonblock(int(fd), true)
+		err = unix.SetNonblock(int(fd), true)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ func main() {
 	}()
 
 	if err == nil {
-		realInterfaceName, err2 := tun.Name()
+		realInterfaceName, err2 := tdev.Name()
 		if err2 == nil {
 			interfaceName = realInterfaceName
 		}
@@ -169,7 +169,6 @@ func main() {
 
 		return os.NewFile(uintptr(fd), ""), nil
 	}()
-
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Errorf("UAPI listen error: %v", err)
 		os.Exit(ExitSetupFailed)
@@ -197,7 +196,7 @@ func main() {
 				files[0], // stdin
 				files[1], // stdout
 				files[2], // stderr
-				tun.File(),
+				tdev.File(),
 				fileUAPI,
 			},
 			Dir: ".",
@@ -223,7 +222,7 @@ func main() {
 		return
 	}
 
-	device := device.NewDevice(tun, conn.NewDefaultBind(), logger)
+	device := device.NewDevice(tdev, conn.NewDefaultBind(), logger)
 
 	logger.Verbosef("Device started")
 
@@ -251,7 +250,7 @@ func main() {
 
 	// wait for program to terminate
 
-	signal.Notify(term, syscall.SIGTERM)
+	signal.Notify(term, unix.SIGTERM)
 	signal.Notify(term, os.Interrupt)
 
 	select {

main_windows.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package main
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
-	"syscall"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
 
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/device"
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ func main() {
 
 	signal.Notify(term, os.Interrupt)
 	signal.Notify(term, os.Kill)
-	signal.Notify(term, syscall.SIGTERM)
+	signal.Notify(term, windows.SIGTERM)
 
 	select {
 	case <-term:

ratelimiter/ratelimiter.go

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package ratelimiter
 
 import (
-	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 )
@@ -30,8 +30,7 @@ type Ratelimiter struct {
 	timeNow func() time.Time
 
 	stopReset chan struct{} // send to reset, close to stop
-	tableIPv4 map[[net.IPv4len]byte]*RatelimiterEntry
-	tableIPv6 map[[net.IPv6len]byte]*RatelimiterEntry
+	table     map[netip.Addr]*RatelimiterEntry
 }
 
 func (rate *Ratelimiter) Close() {
@@ -57,8 +56,7 @@ func (rate *Ratelimiter) Init() {
 	}
 
 	rate.stopReset = make(chan struct{})
-	rate.tableIPv4 = make(map[[net.IPv4len]byte]*RatelimiterEntry)
-	rate.tableIPv6 = make(map[[net.IPv6len]byte]*RatelimiterEntry)
+	rate.table = make(map[netip.Addr]*RatelimiterEntry)
 
 	stopReset := rate.stopReset // store in case Init is called again.
 
@@ -87,71 +85,39 @@ func (rate *Ratelimiter) cleanup() (empty bool) {
 	rate.mu.Lock()
 	defer rate.mu.Unlock()
 
-	for key, entry := range rate.tableIPv4 {
+	for key, entry := range rate.table {
 		entry.mu.Lock()
 		if rate.timeNow().Sub(entry.lastTime) > garbageCollectTime {
-			delete(rate.tableIPv4, key)
+			delete(rate.table, key)
 		}
 		entry.mu.Unlock()
 	}
 
-	for key, entry := range rate.tableIPv6 {
-		entry.mu.Lock()
-		if rate.timeNow().Sub(entry.lastTime) > garbageCollectTime {
-			delete(rate.tableIPv6, key)
-		}
-		entry.mu.Unlock()
-	}
-
-	return len(rate.tableIPv4) == 0 && len(rate.tableIPv6) == 0
+	return len(rate.table) == 0
 }
 
-func (rate *Ratelimiter) Allow(ip net.IP) bool {
+func (rate *Ratelimiter) Allow(ip netip.Addr) bool {
 	var entry *RatelimiterEntry
-	var keyIPv4 [net.IPv4len]byte
-	var keyIPv6 [net.IPv6len]byte
-
 	// lookup entry
-
-	IPv4 := ip.To4()
-	IPv6 := ip.To16()
-
 	rate.mu.RLock()
-
-	if IPv4 != nil {
-		copy(keyIPv4[:], IPv4)
-		entry = rate.tableIPv4[keyIPv4]
-	} else {
-		copy(keyIPv6[:], IPv6)
-		entry = rate.tableIPv6[keyIPv6]
-	}
-
+	entry = rate.table[ip]
 	rate.mu.RUnlock()
 
 	// make new entry if not found
-
 	if entry == nil {
 		entry = new(RatelimiterEntry)
 		entry.tokens = maxTokens - packetCost
 		entry.lastTime = rate.timeNow()
 		rate.mu.Lock()
-		if IPv4 != nil {
-			rate.tableIPv4[keyIPv4] = entry
-			if len(rate.tableIPv4) == 1 && len(rate.tableIPv6) == 0 {
-				rate.stopReset <- struct{}{}
-			}
-		} else {
-			rate.tableIPv6[keyIPv6] = entry
-			if len(rate.tableIPv6) == 1 && len(rate.tableIPv4) == 0 {
-				rate.stopReset <- struct{}{}
-			}
+		rate.table[ip] = entry
+		if len(rate.table) == 1 {
+			rate.stopReset <- struct{}{}
 		}
 		rate.mu.Unlock()
 		return true
 	}
 
 	// add tokens to entry
-
 	entry.mu.Lock()
 	now := rate.timeNow()
 	entry.tokens += now.Sub(entry.lastTime).Nanoseconds()
@@ -161,7 +127,6 @@ func (rate *Ratelimiter) Allow(ip net.IP) bool {
 	}
 
 	// subtract cost of packet
-
 	if entry.tokens > packetCost {
 		entry.tokens -= packetCost
 		entry.mu.Unlock()

ratelimiter/ratelimiter_test.go

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package ratelimiter
 
 import (
-	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 )
@@ -71,21 +71,21 @@ func TestRatelimiter(t *testing.T) {
 		text:    "packet following 2 packet burst",
 	})
 
-	ips := []net.IP{
-		net.ParseIP("127.0.0.1"),
-		net.ParseIP("192.168.1.1"),
-		net.ParseIP("172.167.2.3"),
-		net.ParseIP("97.231.252.215"),
-		net.ParseIP("248.97.91.167"),
-		net.ParseIP("188.208.233.47"),
-		net.ParseIP("104.2.183.179"),
-		net.ParseIP("72.129.46.120"),
-		net.ParseIP("2001:0db8:0a0b:12f0:0000:0000:0000:0001"),
-		net.ParseIP("f5c2:818f:c052:655a:9860:b136:6894:25f0"),
-		net.ParseIP("b2d7:15ab:48a7:b07c:a541:f144:a9fe:54fc"),
-		net.ParseIP("a47b:786e:1671:a22b:d6f9:4ab0:abc7:c918"),
-		net.ParseIP("ea1e:d155:7f7a:98fb:2bf5:9483:80f6:5445"),
-		net.ParseIP("3f0e:54a2:f5b4:cd19:a21d:58e1:3746:84c4"),
+	ips := []netip.Addr{
+		netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.1"),
+		netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
+		netip.MustParseAddr("172.167.2.3"),
+		netip.MustParseAddr("97.231.252.215"),
+		netip.MustParseAddr("248.97.91.167"),
+		netip.MustParseAddr("188.208.233.47"),
+		netip.MustParseAddr("104.2.183.179"),
+		netip.MustParseAddr("72.129.46.120"),
+		netip.MustParseAddr("2001:0db8:0a0b:12f0:0000:0000:0000:0001"),
+		netip.MustParseAddr("f5c2:818f:c052:655a:9860:b136:6894:25f0"),
+		netip.MustParseAddr("b2d7:15ab:48a7:b07c:a541:f144:a9fe:54fc"),
+		netip.MustParseAddr("a47b:786e:1671:a22b:d6f9:4ab0:abc7:c918"),
+		netip.MustParseAddr("ea1e:d155:7f7a:98fb:2bf5:9483:80f6:5445"),
+		netip.MustParseAddr("3f0e:54a2:f5b4:cd19:a21d:58e1:3746:84c4"),
 	}
 
 	now := time.Now()

replay/replay.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 // Package replay implements an efficient anti-replay algorithm as specified in RFC 6479.
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ func (f *Filter) Reset() {
 
 // ValidateCounter checks if the counter should be accepted.
 // Overlimit counters (>= limit) are always rejected.
-func (f *Filter) ValidateCounter(counter uint64, limit uint64) bool {
+func (f *Filter) ValidateCounter(counter, limit uint64) bool {
 	if counter >= limit {
 		return false
 	}

replay/replay_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package replay

rwcancel/rwcancel.go

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-//go:build !windows
+//go:build !windows && !wasm
 
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 // Package rwcancel implements cancelable read/write operations on

rwcancel/rwcancel_stub.go

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
+//go:build windows || wasm
+
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 package rwcancel
 
-type RWCancel struct {
-}
+type RWCancel struct{}
 
 func (*RWCancel) Cancel() {}

tai64n/tai64n.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package tai64n
@@ -11,9 +11,11 @@ import (
 	"time"
 )
 
-const TimestampSize = 12
-const base = uint64(0x400000000000000a)
-const whitenerMask = uint32(0x1000000 - 1)
+const (
+	TimestampSize = 12
+	base          = uint64(0x400000000000000a)
+	whitenerMask  = uint32(0x1000000 - 1)
+)
 
 type Timestamp [TimestampSize]byte
 

tai64n/tai64n_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package tai64n

tun/alignment_windows_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package tun

tun/checksum.go

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+package tun
+
+import "encoding/binary"
+
+// TODO: Explore SIMD and/or other assembly optimizations.
+// TODO: Test native endian loads. See RFC 1071 section 2 part B.
+func checksumNoFold(b []byte, initial uint64) uint64 {
+	ac := initial
+
+	for len(b) >= 128 {
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[:4]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[4:8]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[8:12]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[12:16]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[16:20]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[20:24]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[24:28]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[28:32]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[32:36]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[36:40]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[40:44]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[44:48]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[48:52]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[52:56]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[56:60]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[60:64]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[64:68]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[68:72]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[72:76]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[76:80]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[80:84]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[84:88]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[88:92]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[92:96]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[96:100]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[100:104]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[104:108]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[108:112]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[112:116]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[116:120]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[120:124]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[124:128]))
+		b = b[128:]
+	}
+	if len(b) >= 64 {
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[:4]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[4:8]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[8:12]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[12:16]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[16:20]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[20:24]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[24:28]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[28:32]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[32:36]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[36:40]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[40:44]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[44:48]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[48:52]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[52:56]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[56:60]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[60:64]))
+		b = b[64:]
+	}
+	if len(b) >= 32 {
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[:4]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[4:8]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[8:12]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[12:16]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[16:20]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[20:24]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[24:28]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[28:32]))
+		b = b[32:]
+	}
+	if len(b) >= 16 {
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[:4]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[4:8]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[8:12]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[12:16]))
+		b = b[16:]
+	}
+	if len(b) >= 8 {
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[:4]))
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[4:8]))
+		b = b[8:]
+	}
+	if len(b) >= 4 {
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b))
+		b = b[4:]
+	}
+	if len(b) >= 2 {
+		ac += uint64(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(b))
+		b = b[2:]
+	}
+	if len(b) == 1 {
+		ac += uint64(b[0]) << 8
+	}
+
+	return ac
+}
+
+func checksum(b []byte, initial uint64) uint16 {
+	ac := checksumNoFold(b, initial)
+	ac = (ac >> 16) + (ac & 0xffff)
+	ac = (ac >> 16) + (ac & 0xffff)
+	ac = (ac >> 16) + (ac & 0xffff)
+	ac = (ac >> 16) + (ac & 0xffff)
+	return uint16(ac)
+}
+
+func pseudoHeaderChecksumNoFold(protocol uint8, srcAddr, dstAddr []byte, totalLen uint16) uint64 {
+	sum := checksumNoFold(srcAddr, 0)
+	sum = checksumNoFold(dstAddr, sum)
+	sum = checksumNoFold([]byte{0, protocol}, sum)
+	tmp := make([]byte, 2)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(tmp, totalLen)
+	return checksumNoFold(tmp, sum)
+}

tun/checksum_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package tun
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"math/rand"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func BenchmarkChecksum(b *testing.B) {
+	lengths := []int{
+		64,
+		128,
+		256,
+		512,
+		1024,
+		1500,
+		2048,
+		4096,
+		8192,
+		9000,
+		9001,
+	}
+
+	for _, length := range lengths {
+		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%d", length), func(b *testing.B) {
+			buf := make([]byte, length)
+			rng := rand.New(rand.NewSource(1))
+			rng.Read(buf)
+			b.ResetTimer()
+			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+				checksum(buf, 0)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

tun/errors.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package tun
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+)
+
+var (
+	// ErrTooManySegments is returned by Device.Read() when segmentation
+	// overflows the length of supplied buffers. This error should not cause
+	// reads to cease.
+	ErrTooManySegments = errors.New("too many segments")
+)

tun/netstack/examples/http_client.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2019-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package main
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ package main
 import (
 	"io"
 	"log"
-	"net"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/netip"
 
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/device"
@@ -20,17 +20,17 @@ import (
 
 func main() {
 	tun, tnet, err := netstack.CreateNetTUN(
-		[]net.IP{net.ParseIP("192.168.4.29")},
-		[]net.IP{net.ParseIP("8.8.8.8")},
+		[]netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.4.28")},
+		[]netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("8.8.8.8")},
 		1420)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Panic(err)
 	}
 	dev := device.NewDevice(tun, conn.NewDefaultBind(), device.NewLogger(device.LogLevelVerbose, ""))
-	dev.IpcSet(`private_key=a8dac1d8a70a751f0f699fb14ba1cff7b79cf4fbd8f09f44c6e6a90d0369604f
-public_key=25123c5dcd3328ff645e4f2a3fce0d754400d3887a0cb7c56f0267e20fbf3c5b
-endpoint=163.172.161.0:12912
+	err = dev.IpcSet(`private_key=087ec6e14bbed210e7215cdc73468dfa23f080a1bfb8665b2fd809bd99d28379
+public_key=c4c8e984c5322c8184c72265b92b250fdb63688705f504ba003c88f03393cf28
 allowed_ip=0.0.0.0/0
+endpoint=127.0.0.1:58120
 `)
 	err = dev.Up()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ allowed_ip=0.0.0.0/0
 			DialContext: tnet.DialContext,
 		},
 	}
-	resp, err := client.Get("https://www.zx2c4.com/ip")
+	resp, err := client.Get("http://192.168.4.29/")
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Panic(err)
 	}

tun/netstack/examples/http_server.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2019-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package main
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"log"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/netip"
 
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/device"
@@ -20,18 +21,18 @@ import (
 
 func main() {
 	tun, tnet, err := netstack.CreateNetTUN(
-		[]net.IP{net.ParseIP("192.168.4.29")},
-		[]net.IP{net.ParseIP("8.8.8.8"), net.ParseIP("8.8.4.4")},
+		[]netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.4.29")},
+		[]netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("8.8.8.8"), netip.MustParseAddr("8.8.4.4")},
 		1420,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Panic(err)
 	}
 	dev := device.NewDevice(tun, conn.NewDefaultBind(), device.NewLogger(device.LogLevelVerbose, ""))
-	dev.IpcSet(`private_key=a8dac1d8a70a751f0f699fb14ba1cff7b79cf4fbd8f09f44c6e6a90d0369604f
-public_key=25123c5dcd3328ff645e4f2a3fce0d754400d3887a0cb7c56f0267e20fbf3c5b
-endpoint=163.172.161.0:12912
-allowed_ip=0.0.0.0/0
+	dev.IpcSet(`private_key=003ed5d73b55806c30de3f8a7bdab38af13539220533055e635690b8b87ad641
+listen_port=58120
+public_key=f928d4f6c1b86c12f2562c10b07c555c5c57fd00f59e90c8d8d88767271cbf7c
+allowed_ip=192.168.4.28/32
 persistent_keepalive_interval=25
 `)
 	dev.Up()

tun/netstack/examples/ping_client.go

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+//go:build ignore
+
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ */
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"log"
+	"math/rand"
+	"net/netip"
+	"time"
+
+	"golang.org/x/net/icmp"
+	"golang.org/x/net/ipv4"
+
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/device"
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun/netstack"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	tun, tnet, err := netstack.CreateNetTUN(
+		[]netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.4.29")},
+		[]netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("8.8.8.8")},
+		1420)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Panic(err)
+	}
+	dev := device.NewDevice(tun, conn.NewDefaultBind(), device.NewLogger(device.LogLevelVerbose, ""))
+	dev.IpcSet(`private_key=a8dac1d8a70a751f0f699fb14ba1cff7b79cf4fbd8f09f44c6e6a90d0369604f
+public_key=25123c5dcd3328ff645e4f2a3fce0d754400d3887a0cb7c56f0267e20fbf3c5b
+endpoint=163.172.161.0:12912
+allowed_ip=0.0.0.0/0
+`)
+	err = dev.Up()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Panic(err)
+	}
+
+	socket, err := tnet.Dial("ping4", "zx2c4.com")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Panic(err)
+	}
+	requestPing := icmp.Echo{
+		Seq:  rand.Intn(1 << 16),
+		Data: []byte("gopher burrow"),
+	}
+	icmpBytes, _ := (&icmp.Message{Type: ipv4.ICMPTypeEcho, Code: 0, Body: &requestPing}).Marshal(nil)
+	socket.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(time.Second * 10))
+	start := time.Now()
+	_, err = socket.Write(icmpBytes)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Panic(err)
+	}
+	n, err := socket.Read(icmpBytes[:])
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Panic(err)
+	}
+	replyPacket, err := icmp.ParseMessage(1, icmpBytes[:n])
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Panic(err)
+	}
+	replyPing, ok := replyPacket.Body.(*icmp.Echo)
+	if !ok {
+		log.Panicf("invalid reply type: %v", replyPacket)
+	}
+	if !bytes.Equal(replyPing.Data, requestPing.Data) || replyPing.Seq != requestPing.Seq {
+		log.Panicf("invalid ping reply: %v", replyPing)
+	}
+	log.Printf("Ping latency: %v", time.Since(start))
+}

tun/netstack/go.mod

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-module golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun/netstack
-
-go 1.16
-
-require (
-	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210423184538-5f58ad60dda6
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210423185535-09eb48e85fd7 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20210220033141-f8bda1e9f3ba // indirect
-	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20210424170727-c9db4b7aaa22
-	gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20210506004418-fbfeba3024f0
-)

tun/netstack/go.sum

@@ -1,605 +0,0 @@
-bazil.org/fuse v0.0.0-20160811212531-371fbbdaa898/go.mod h1:Xbm+BRKSBEpa4q4hTSxohYNQpsxXPbPry4JJWOB3LB8=
-cloud.google.com/go v0.26.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
-cloud.google.com/go v0.34.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
-cloud.google.com/go v0.38.0/go.mod h1:990N+gfupTy94rShfmMCWGDn0LpTmnzTp2qbd1dvSRU=
-cloud.google.com/go v0.44.1/go.mod h1:iSa0KzasP4Uvy3f1mN/7PiObzGgflwredwwASm/v6AU=
-cloud.google.com/go v0.44.2/go.mod h1:60680Gw3Yr4ikxnPRS/oxxkBccT6SA1yMk63TGekxKY=
-cloud.google.com/go v0.45.1/go.mod h1:RpBamKRgapWJb87xiFSdk4g1CME7QZg3uwTez+TSTjc=
-cloud.google.com/go v0.46.3/go.mod h1:a6bKKbmY7er1mI7TEI4lsAkts/mkhTSZK8w33B4RAg0=
-cloud.google.com/go v0.50.0/go.mod h1:r9sluTvynVuxRIOHXQEHMFffphuXHOMZMycpNR5e6To=
-cloud.google.com/go v0.52.0/go.mod h1:pXajvRH/6o3+F9jDHZWQ5PbGhn+o8w9qiu/CffaVdO4=
-cloud.google.com/go v0.53.0/go.mod h1:fp/UouUEsRkN6ryDKNW/Upv/JBKnv6WDthjR6+vze6M=
-cloud.google.com/go v0.54.0/go.mod h1:1rq2OEkV3YMf6n/9ZvGWI3GWw0VoqH/1x2nd8Is/bPc=
-cloud.google.com/go v0.56.0/go.mod h1:jr7tqZxxKOVYizybht9+26Z/gUq7tiRzu+ACVAMbKVk=
-cloud.google.com/go v0.57.0/go.mod h1:oXiQ6Rzq3RAkkY7N6t3TcE6jE+CIBBbA36lwQ1JyzZs=
-cloud.google.com/go v0.62.0/go.mod h1:jmCYTdRCQuc1PHIIJ/maLInMho30T/Y0M4hTdTShOYc=
-cloud.google.com/go v0.65.0/go.mod h1:O5N8zS7uWy9vkA9vayVHs65eM1ubvY4h553ofrNHObY=
-cloud.google.com/go v0.72.0/go.mod h1:M+5Vjvlc2wnp6tjzE102Dw08nGShTscUx2nZMufOKPI=
-cloud.google.com/go v0.75.0/go.mod h1:VGuuCn7PG0dwsd5XPVm2Mm3wlh3EL55/79EKB6hlPTY=
-cloud.google.com/go/bigquery v1.0.1/go.mod h1:i/xbL2UlR5RvWAURpBYZTtm/cXjCha9lbfbpx4poX+o=
-cloud.google.com/go/bigquery v1.3.0/go.mod h1:PjpwJnslEMmckchkHFfq+HTD2DmtT67aNFKH1/VBDHE=
-cloud.google.com/go/bigquery v1.4.0/go.mod h1:S8dzgnTigyfTmLBfrtrhyYhwRxG72rYxvftPBK2Dvzc=
-cloud.google.com/go/bigquery v1.5.0/go.mod h1:snEHRnqQbz117VIFhE8bmtwIDY80NLUZUMb4Nv6dBIg=
-cloud.google.com/go/bigquery v1.7.0/go.mod h1://okPTzCYNXSlb24MZs83e2Do+h+VXtc4gLoIoXIAPc=
-cloud.google.com/go/bigquery v1.8.0/go.mod h1:J5hqkt3O0uAFnINi6JXValWIb1v0goeZM77hZzJN/fQ=
-cloud.google.com/go/datastore v1.0.0/go.mod h1:LXYbyblFSglQ5pkeyhO+Qmw7ukd3C+pD7TKLgZqpHYE=
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tun/netstack/tun.go

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2019-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package netstack
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"crypto/rand"
 	"encoding/binary"
@@ -13,112 +14,85 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 	"os"
+	"regexp"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"syscall"
 	"time"
 
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun"
-
-	"golang.org/x/net/dns/dnsmessage"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/buffer"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/adapters/gonet"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/buffer"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/header"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/link/channel"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/stack"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/transport/icmp"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/transport/tcp"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/transport/udp"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/waiter"
+
+	"golang.org/x/net/dns/dnsmessage"
 )
 
 type netTun struct {
+	ep             *channel.Endpoint
 	stack          *stack.Stack
-	dispatcher     stack.NetworkDispatcher
 	events         chan tun.Event
-	incomingPacket chan buffer.VectorisedView
+	incomingPacket chan *buffer.View
 	mtu            int
-	dnsServers     []net.IP
+	dnsServers     []netip.Addr
 	hasV4, hasV6   bool
 }
-type endpoint netTun
+
 type Net netTun
 
-func (e *endpoint) Attach(dispatcher stack.NetworkDispatcher) {
-	e.dispatcher = dispatcher
-}
-
-func (e *endpoint) IsAttached() bool {
-	return e.dispatcher != nil
-}
-
-func (e *endpoint) MTU() uint32 {
-	mtu, err := (*netTun)(e).MTU()
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	return uint32(mtu)
-}
-
-func (*endpoint) Capabilities() stack.LinkEndpointCapabilities {
-	return stack.CapabilityNone
-}
-
-func (*endpoint) MaxHeaderLength() uint16 {
-	return 0
-}
-
-func (*endpoint) LinkAddress() tcpip.LinkAddress {
-	return ""
-}
-
-func (*endpoint) Wait() {}
-
-func (e *endpoint) WritePacket(_ stack.RouteInfo, _ tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) tcpip.Error {
-	e.incomingPacket <- buffer.NewVectorisedView(pkt.Size(), pkt.Views())
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (e *endpoint) WritePackets(stack.RouteInfo, stack.PacketBufferList, tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber) (int, tcpip.Error) {
-	panic("not implemented")
-}
-
-func (*endpoint) ARPHardwareType() header.ARPHardwareType {
-	return header.ARPHardwareNone
-}
-
-func (e *endpoint) AddHeader(tcpip.LinkAddress, tcpip.LinkAddress, tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber, *stack.PacketBuffer) {
-}
-
-func CreateNetTUN(localAddresses, dnsServers []net.IP, mtu int) (tun.Device, *Net, error) {
+func CreateNetTUN(localAddresses, dnsServers []netip.Addr, mtu int) (tun.Device, *Net, error) {
 	opts := stack.Options{
 		NetworkProtocols:   []stack.NetworkProtocolFactory{ipv4.NewProtocol, ipv6.NewProtocol},
-		TransportProtocols: []stack.TransportProtocolFactory{tcp.NewProtocol, udp.NewProtocol},
+		TransportProtocols: []stack.TransportProtocolFactory{tcp.NewProtocol, udp.NewProtocol, icmp.NewProtocol6, icmp.NewProtocol4},
 		HandleLocal:        true,
 	}
 	dev := &netTun{
+		ep:             channel.New(1024, uint32(mtu), ""),
 		stack:          stack.New(opts),
 		events:         make(chan tun.Event, 10),
-		incomingPacket: make(chan buffer.VectorisedView),
+		incomingPacket: make(chan *buffer.View),
 		dnsServers:     dnsServers,
 		mtu:            mtu,
 	}
-	tcpipErr := dev.stack.CreateNIC(1, (*endpoint)(dev))
+	sackEnabledOpt := tcpip.TCPSACKEnabled(true) // TCP SACK is disabled by default
+	tcpipErr := dev.stack.SetTransportProtocolOption(tcp.ProtocolNumber, &sackEnabledOpt)
+	if tcpipErr != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("could not enable TCP SACK: %v", tcpipErr)
+	}
+	dev.ep.AddNotify(dev)
+	tcpipErr = dev.stack.CreateNIC(1, dev.ep)
 	if tcpipErr != nil {
 		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("CreateNIC: %v", tcpipErr)
 	}
 	for _, ip := range localAddresses {
-		if ip4 := ip.To4(); ip4 != nil {
-			tcpipErr = dev.stack.AddAddress(1, ipv4.ProtocolNumber, tcpip.Address(ip4))
-			if tcpipErr != nil {
-				return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("AddAddress(%v): %v", ip4, tcpipErr)
-			}
+		var protoNumber tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber
+		if ip.Is4() {
+			protoNumber = ipv4.ProtocolNumber
+		} else if ip.Is6() {
+			protoNumber = ipv6.ProtocolNumber
+		}
+		protoAddr := tcpip.ProtocolAddress{
+			Protocol:          protoNumber,
+			AddressWithPrefix: tcpip.AddrFromSlice(ip.AsSlice()).WithPrefix(),
+		}
+		tcpipErr := dev.stack.AddProtocolAddress(1, protoAddr, stack.AddressProperties{})
+		if tcpipErr != nil {
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("AddProtocolAddress(%v): %v", ip, tcpipErr)
+		}
+		if ip.Is4() {
 			dev.hasV4 = true
-		} else {
-			tcpipErr = dev.stack.AddAddress(1, ipv6.ProtocolNumber, tcpip.Address(ip))
-			if tcpipErr != nil {
-				return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("AddAddress(%v): %v", ip4, tcpipErr)
-			}
+		} else if ip.Is6() {
 			dev.hasV6 = true
 		}
 	}
@@ -141,37 +115,54 @@ func (tun *netTun) File() *os.File {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (tun *netTun) Events() chan tun.Event {
+func (tun *netTun) Events() <-chan tun.Event {
 	return tun.events
 }
 
-func (tun *netTun) Read(buf []byte, offset int) (int, error) {
+func (tun *netTun) Read(buf [][]byte, sizes []int, offset int) (int, error) {
 	view, ok := <-tun.incomingPacket
 	if !ok {
 		return 0, os.ErrClosed
 	}
-	return view.Read(buf[offset:])
+
+	n, err := view.Read(buf[0][offset:])
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	sizes[0] = n
+	return 1, nil
 }
 
-func (tun *netTun) Write(buf []byte, offset int) (int, error) {
-	packet := buf[offset:]
-	if len(packet) == 0 {
-		return 0, nil
-	}
+func (tun *netTun) Write(buf [][]byte, offset int) (int, error) {
+	for _, buf := range buf {
+		packet := buf[offset:]
+		if len(packet) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
 
-	pkb := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{Data: buffer.NewVectorisedView(len(packet), []buffer.View{buffer.NewViewFromBytes(packet)})})
-	switch packet[0] >> 4 {
-	case 4:
-		tun.dispatcher.DeliverNetworkPacket("", "", ipv4.ProtocolNumber, pkb)
-	case 6:
-		tun.dispatcher.DeliverNetworkPacket("", "", ipv6.ProtocolNumber, pkb)
+		pkb := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{Payload: buffer.MakeWithData(packet)})
+		switch packet[0] >> 4 {
+		case 4:
+			tun.ep.InjectInbound(header.IPv4ProtocolNumber, pkb)
+		case 6:
+			tun.ep.InjectInbound(header.IPv6ProtocolNumber, pkb)
+		default:
+			return 0, syscall.EAFNOSUPPORT
+		}
 	}
-
 	return len(buf), nil
 }
 
-func (tun *netTun) Flush() error {
-	return nil
+func (tun *netTun) WriteNotify() {
+	pkt := tun.ep.Read()
+	if pkt == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	view := pkt.ToView()
+	pkt.DecRef()
+
+	tun.incomingPacket <- view
 }
 
 func (tun *netTun) Close() error {
@@ -180,9 +171,13 @@ func (tun *netTun) Close() error {
 	if tun.events != nil {
 		close(tun.events)
 	}
+
+	tun.ep.Close()
+
 	if tun.incomingPacket != nil {
 		close(tun.incomingPacket)
 	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -190,62 +185,294 @@ func (tun *netTun) MTU() (int, error) {
 	return tun.mtu, nil
 }
 
-func convertToFullAddr(ip net.IP, port int) (tcpip.FullAddress, tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber) {
-	if ip4 := ip.To4(); ip4 != nil {
-		return tcpip.FullAddress{
-			NIC:  1,
-			Addr: tcpip.Address(ip4),
-			Port: uint16(port),
-		}, ipv4.ProtocolNumber
+func (tun *netTun) BatchSize() int {
+	return 1
+}
+
+func convertToFullAddr(endpoint netip.AddrPort) (tcpip.FullAddress, tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber) {
+	var protoNumber tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber
+	if endpoint.Addr().Is4() {
+		protoNumber = ipv4.ProtocolNumber
 	} else {
-		return tcpip.FullAddress{
-			NIC:  1,
-			Addr: tcpip.Address(ip),
-			Port: uint16(port),
-		}, ipv6.ProtocolNumber
+		protoNumber = ipv6.ProtocolNumber
 	}
+	return tcpip.FullAddress{
+		NIC:  1,
+		Addr: tcpip.AddrFromSlice(endpoint.Addr().AsSlice()),
+		Port: endpoint.Port(),
+	}, protoNumber
+}
+
+func (net *Net) DialContextTCPAddrPort(ctx context.Context, addr netip.AddrPort) (*gonet.TCPConn, error) {
+	fa, pn := convertToFullAddr(addr)
+	return gonet.DialContextTCP(ctx, net.stack, fa, pn)
 }
 
 func (net *Net) DialContextTCP(ctx context.Context, addr *net.TCPAddr) (*gonet.TCPConn, error) {
 	if addr == nil {
-		panic("todo: deal with auto addr semantics for nil addr")
+		return net.DialContextTCPAddrPort(ctx, netip.AddrPort{})
 	}
-	fa, pn := convertToFullAddr(addr.IP, addr.Port)
-	return gonet.DialContextTCP(ctx, net.stack, fa, pn)
+	ip, _ := netip.AddrFromSlice(addr.IP)
+	return net.DialContextTCPAddrPort(ctx, netip.AddrPortFrom(ip, uint16(addr.Port)))
+}
+
+func (net *Net) DialTCPAddrPort(addr netip.AddrPort) (*gonet.TCPConn, error) {
+	fa, pn := convertToFullAddr(addr)
+	return gonet.DialTCP(net.stack, fa, pn)
 }
 
 func (net *Net) DialTCP(addr *net.TCPAddr) (*gonet.TCPConn, error) {
 	if addr == nil {
-		panic("todo: deal with auto addr semantics for nil addr")
+		return net.DialTCPAddrPort(netip.AddrPort{})
 	}
-	fa, pn := convertToFullAddr(addr.IP, addr.Port)
-	return gonet.DialTCP(net.stack, fa, pn)
+	ip, _ := netip.AddrFromSlice(addr.IP)
+	return net.DialTCPAddrPort(netip.AddrPortFrom(ip, uint16(addr.Port)))
+}
+
+func (net *Net) ListenTCPAddrPort(addr netip.AddrPort) (*gonet.TCPListener, error) {
+	fa, pn := convertToFullAddr(addr)
+	return gonet.ListenTCP(net.stack, fa, pn)
 }
 
 func (net *Net) ListenTCP(addr *net.TCPAddr) (*gonet.TCPListener, error) {
 	if addr == nil {
-		panic("todo: deal with auto addr semantics for nil addr")
+		return net.ListenTCPAddrPort(netip.AddrPort{})
 	}
-	fa, pn := convertToFullAddr(addr.IP, addr.Port)
-	return gonet.ListenTCP(net.stack, fa, pn)
+	ip, _ := netip.AddrFromSlice(addr.IP)
+	return net.ListenTCPAddrPort(netip.AddrPortFrom(ip, uint16(addr.Port)))
 }
 
-func (net *Net) DialUDP(laddr, raddr *net.UDPAddr) (*gonet.UDPConn, error) {
+func (net *Net) DialUDPAddrPort(laddr, raddr netip.AddrPort) (*gonet.UDPConn, error) {
 	var lfa, rfa *tcpip.FullAddress
 	var pn tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber
-	if laddr != nil {
+	if laddr.IsValid() || laddr.Port() > 0 {
 		var addr tcpip.FullAddress
-		addr, pn = convertToFullAddr(laddr.IP, laddr.Port)
+		addr, pn = convertToFullAddr(laddr)
 		lfa = &addr
 	}
-	if raddr != nil {
+	if raddr.IsValid() || raddr.Port() > 0 {
 		var addr tcpip.FullAddress
-		addr, pn = convertToFullAddr(raddr.IP, raddr.Port)
+		addr, pn = convertToFullAddr(raddr)
 		rfa = &addr
 	}
 	return gonet.DialUDP(net.stack, lfa, rfa, pn)
 }
 
+func (net *Net) ListenUDPAddrPort(laddr netip.AddrPort) (*gonet.UDPConn, error) {
+	return net.DialUDPAddrPort(laddr, netip.AddrPort{})
+}
+
+func (net *Net) DialUDP(laddr, raddr *net.UDPAddr) (*gonet.UDPConn, error) {
+	var la, ra netip.AddrPort
+	if laddr != nil {
+		ip, _ := netip.AddrFromSlice(laddr.IP)
+		la = netip.AddrPortFrom(ip, uint16(laddr.Port))
+	}
+	if raddr != nil {
+		ip, _ := netip.AddrFromSlice(raddr.IP)
+		ra = netip.AddrPortFrom(ip, uint16(raddr.Port))
+	}
+	return net.DialUDPAddrPort(la, ra)
+}
+
+func (net *Net) ListenUDP(laddr *net.UDPAddr) (*gonet.UDPConn, error) {
+	return net.DialUDP(laddr, nil)
+}
+
+type PingConn struct {
+	laddr    PingAddr
+	raddr    PingAddr
+	wq       waiter.Queue
+	ep       tcpip.Endpoint
+	deadline *time.Timer
+}
+
+type PingAddr struct{ addr netip.Addr }
+
+func (ia PingAddr) String() string {
+	return ia.addr.String()
+}
+
+func (ia PingAddr) Network() string {
+	if ia.addr.Is4() {
+		return "ping4"
+	} else if ia.addr.Is6() {
+		return "ping6"
+	}
+	return "ping"
+}
+
+func (ia PingAddr) Addr() netip.Addr {
+	return ia.addr
+}
+
+func PingAddrFromAddr(addr netip.Addr) *PingAddr {
+	return &PingAddr{addr}
+}
+
+func (net *Net) DialPingAddr(laddr, raddr netip.Addr) (*PingConn, error) {
+	if !laddr.IsValid() && !raddr.IsValid() {
+		return nil, errors.New("ping dial: invalid address")
+	}
+	v6 := laddr.Is6() || raddr.Is6()
+	bind := laddr.IsValid()
+	if !bind {
+		if v6 {
+			laddr = netip.IPv6Unspecified()
+		} else {
+			laddr = netip.IPv4Unspecified()
+		}
+	}
+
+	tn := icmp.ProtocolNumber4
+	pn := ipv4.ProtocolNumber
+	if v6 {
+		tn = icmp.ProtocolNumber6
+		pn = ipv6.ProtocolNumber
+	}
+
+	pc := &PingConn{
+		laddr:    PingAddr{laddr},
+		deadline: time.NewTimer(time.Hour << 10),
+	}
+	pc.deadline.Stop()
+
+	ep, tcpipErr := net.stack.NewEndpoint(tn, pn, &pc.wq)
+	if tcpipErr != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ping socket: endpoint: %s", tcpipErr)
+	}
+	pc.ep = ep
+
+	if bind {
+		fa, _ := convertToFullAddr(netip.AddrPortFrom(laddr, 0))
+		if tcpipErr = pc.ep.Bind(fa); tcpipErr != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("ping bind: %s", tcpipErr)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if raddr.IsValid() {
+		pc.raddr = PingAddr{raddr}
+		fa, _ := convertToFullAddr(netip.AddrPortFrom(raddr, 0))
+		if tcpipErr = pc.ep.Connect(fa); tcpipErr != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("ping connect: %s", tcpipErr)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return pc, nil
+}
+
+func (net *Net) ListenPingAddr(laddr netip.Addr) (*PingConn, error) {
+	return net.DialPingAddr(laddr, netip.Addr{})
+}
+
+func (net *Net) DialPing(laddr, raddr *PingAddr) (*PingConn, error) {
+	var la, ra netip.Addr
+	if laddr != nil {
+		la = laddr.addr
+	}
+	if raddr != nil {
+		ra = raddr.addr
+	}
+	return net.DialPingAddr(la, ra)
+}
+
+func (net *Net) ListenPing(laddr *PingAddr) (*PingConn, error) {
+	var la netip.Addr
+	if laddr != nil {
+		la = laddr.addr
+	}
+	return net.ListenPingAddr(la)
+}
+
+func (pc *PingConn) LocalAddr() net.Addr {
+	return pc.laddr
+}
+
+func (pc *PingConn) RemoteAddr() net.Addr {
+	return pc.raddr
+}
+
+func (pc *PingConn) Close() error {
+	pc.deadline.Reset(0)
+	pc.ep.Close()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (pc *PingConn) SetWriteDeadline(t time.Time) error {
+	return errors.New("not implemented")
+}
+
+func (pc *PingConn) WriteTo(p []byte, addr net.Addr) (n int, err error) {
+	var na netip.Addr
+	switch v := addr.(type) {
+	case *PingAddr:
+		na = v.addr
+	case *net.IPAddr:
+		na, _ = netip.AddrFromSlice(v.IP)
+	default:
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("ping write: wrong net.Addr type")
+	}
+	if !((na.Is4() && pc.laddr.addr.Is4()) || (na.Is6() && pc.laddr.addr.Is6())) {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("ping write: mismatched protocols")
+	}
+
+	buf := bytes.NewReader(p)
+	rfa, _ := convertToFullAddr(netip.AddrPortFrom(na, 0))
+	// won't block, no deadlines
+	n64, tcpipErr := pc.ep.Write(buf, tcpip.WriteOptions{
+		To: &rfa,
+	})
+	if tcpipErr != nil {
+		return int(n64), fmt.Errorf("ping write: %s", tcpipErr)
+	}
+
+	return int(n64), nil
+}
+
+func (pc *PingConn) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	return pc.WriteTo(p, &pc.raddr)
+}
+
+func (pc *PingConn) ReadFrom(p []byte) (n int, addr net.Addr, err error) {
+	e, notifyCh := waiter.NewChannelEntry(waiter.EventIn)
+	pc.wq.EventRegister(&e)
+	defer pc.wq.EventUnregister(&e)
+
+	select {
+	case <-pc.deadline.C:
+		return 0, nil, os.ErrDeadlineExceeded
+	case <-notifyCh:
+	}
+
+	w := tcpip.SliceWriter(p)
+
+	res, tcpipErr := pc.ep.Read(&w, tcpip.ReadOptions{
+		NeedRemoteAddr: true,
+	})
+	if tcpipErr != nil {
+		return 0, nil, fmt.Errorf("ping read: %s", tcpipErr)
+	}
+
+	remoteAddr, _ := netip.AddrFromSlice(res.RemoteAddr.Addr.AsSlice())
+	return res.Count, &PingAddr{remoteAddr}, nil
+}
+
+func (pc *PingConn) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	n, _, err = pc.ReadFrom(p)
+	return
+}
+
+func (pc *PingConn) SetDeadline(t time.Time) error {
+	// pc.SetWriteDeadline is unimplemented
+
+	return pc.SetReadDeadline(t)
+}
+
+func (pc *PingConn) SetReadDeadline(t time.Time) error {
+	pc.deadline.Reset(time.Until(t))
+	return nil
+}
+
 var (
 	errNoSuchHost                   = errors.New("no such host")
 	errLameReferral                 = errors.New("lame referral")
@@ -421,7 +648,7 @@ func dnsStreamRoundTrip(c net.Conn, id uint16, query dnsmessage.Question, b []by
 	return p, h, nil
 }
 
-func (tnet *Net) exchange(ctx context.Context, server net.IP, q dnsmessage.Question, timeout time.Duration) (dnsmessage.Parser, dnsmessage.Header, error) {
+func (tnet *Net) exchange(ctx context.Context, server netip.Addr, q dnsmessage.Question, timeout time.Duration) (dnsmessage.Parser, dnsmessage.Header, error) {
 	q.Class = dnsmessage.ClassINET
 	id, udpReq, tcpReq, err := newRequest(q)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -435,16 +662,19 @@ func (tnet *Net) exchange(ctx context.Context, server net.IP, q dnsmessage.Quest
 		var c net.Conn
 		var err error
 		if useUDP {
-			c, err = tnet.DialUDP(nil, &net.UDPAddr{IP: server, Port: 53})
+			c, err = tnet.DialUDPAddrPort(netip.AddrPort{}, netip.AddrPortFrom(server, 53))
 		} else {
-			c, err = tnet.DialContextTCP(ctx, &net.TCPAddr{IP: server, Port: 53})
+			c, err = tnet.DialContextTCPAddrPort(ctx, netip.AddrPortFrom(server, 53))
 		}
 
 		if err != nil {
 			return dnsmessage.Parser{}, dnsmessage.Header{}, err
 		}
 		if d, ok := ctx.Deadline(); ok && !d.IsZero() {
-			c.SetDeadline(d)
+			err := c.SetDeadline(d)
+			if err != nil {
+				return dnsmessage.Parser{}, dnsmessage.Header{}, err
+			}
 		}
 		var p dnsmessage.Parser
 		var h dnsmessage.Header
@@ -588,8 +818,8 @@ func (tnet *Net) LookupContextHost(ctx context.Context, host string) ([]string,
 			zlen = zidx
 		}
 	}
-	if ip := net.ParseIP(host[:zlen]); ip != nil {
-		return []string{host[:zlen]}, nil
+	if ip, err := netip.ParseAddr(host[:zlen]); err == nil {
+		return []string{ip.String()}, nil
 	}
 
 	if !isDomainName(host) {
@@ -600,7 +830,7 @@ func (tnet *Net) LookupContextHost(ctx context.Context, host string) ([]string,
 		server string
 		error
 	}
-	var addrsV4, addrsV6 []net.IP
+	var addrsV4, addrsV6 []netip.Addr
 	lanes := 0
 	if tnet.hasV4 {
 		lanes++
@@ -655,7 +885,7 @@ func (tnet *Net) LookupContextHost(ctx context.Context, host string) ([]string,
 					}
 					break loop
 				}
-				addrsV4 = append(addrsV4, net.IP(a.A[:]))
+				addrsV4 = append(addrsV4, netip.AddrFrom4(a.A))
 
 			case dnsmessage.TypeAAAA:
 				aaaa, err := result.p.AAAAResource()
@@ -667,7 +897,7 @@ func (tnet *Net) LookupContextHost(ctx context.Context, host string) ([]string,
 					}
 					break loop
 				}
-				addrsV6 = append(addrsV6, net.IP(aaaa.AAAA[:]))
+				addrsV6 = append(addrsV6, netip.AddrFrom16(aaaa.AAAA))
 
 			default:
 				if err := result.p.SkipAnswer(); err != nil {
@@ -682,8 +912,8 @@ func (tnet *Net) LookupContextHost(ctx context.Context, host string) ([]string,
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	// We don't do RFC6724. Instead just put V6 addresess first if an IPv6 address is enabled
-	var addrs []net.IP
+	// We don't do RFC6724. Instead just put V6 addresses first if an IPv6 address is enabled
+	var addrs []netip.Addr
 	if tnet.hasV6 {
 		addrs = append(addrsV6, addrsV4...)
 	} else {
@@ -720,44 +950,48 @@ func partialDeadline(now, deadline time.Time, addrsRemaining int) (time.Time, er
 	return now.Add(timeout), nil
 }
 
+var protoSplitter = regexp.MustCompile(`^(tcp|udp|ping)(4|6)?$`)
+
 func (tnet *Net) DialContext(ctx context.Context, network, address string) (net.Conn, error) {
 	if ctx == nil {
 		panic("nil context")
 	}
-	var acceptV4, acceptV6, useUDP bool
-	if len(network) == 3 {
+	var acceptV4, acceptV6 bool
+	matches := protoSplitter.FindStringSubmatch(network)
+	if matches == nil {
+		return nil, &net.OpError{Op: "dial", Err: net.UnknownNetworkError(network)}
+	} else if len(matches[2]) == 0 {
 		acceptV4 = true
 		acceptV6 = true
-	} else if len(network) == 4 {
-		acceptV4 = network[3] == '4'
-		acceptV6 = network[3] == '6'
+	} else {
+		acceptV4 = matches[2][0] == '4'
+		acceptV6 = !acceptV4
 	}
-	if !acceptV4 && !acceptV6 {
-		return nil, &net.OpError{Op: "dial", Err: net.UnknownNetworkError(network)}
-	}
-	if network[:3] == "udp" {
-		useUDP = true
-	} else if network[:3] != "tcp" {
-		return nil, &net.OpError{Op: "dial", Err: net.UnknownNetworkError(network)}
-	}
-	host, sport, err := net.SplitHostPort(address)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, &net.OpError{Op: "dial", Err: err}
-	}
-	port, err := strconv.Atoi(sport)
-	if err != nil || port < 0 || port > 65535 {
-		return nil, &net.OpError{Op: "dial", Err: errNumericPort}
+	var host string
+	var port int
+	if matches[1] == "ping" {
+		host = address
+	} else {
+		var sport string
+		var err error
+		host, sport, err = net.SplitHostPort(address)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, &net.OpError{Op: "dial", Err: err}
+		}
+		port, err = strconv.Atoi(sport)
+		if err != nil || port < 0 || port > 65535 {
+			return nil, &net.OpError{Op: "dial", Err: errNumericPort}
+		}
 	}
 	allAddr, err := tnet.LookupContextHost(ctx, host)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, &net.OpError{Op: "dial", Err: err}
 	}
-	var addrs []net.IP
+	var addrs []netip.AddrPort
 	for _, addr := range allAddr {
-		if strings.IndexByte(addr, ':') != -1 && acceptV6 {
-			addrs = append(addrs, net.ParseIP(addr))
-		} else if strings.IndexByte(addr, '.') != -1 && acceptV4 {
-			addrs = append(addrs, net.ParseIP(addr))
+		ip, err := netip.ParseAddr(addr)
+		if err == nil && ((ip.Is4() && acceptV4) || (ip.Is6() && acceptV6)) {
+			addrs = append(addrs, netip.AddrPortFrom(ip, uint16(port)))
 		}
 	}
 	if len(addrs) == 0 && len(allAddr) != 0 {
@@ -795,10 +1029,13 @@ func (tnet *Net) DialContext(ctx context.Context, network, address string) (net.
 		}
 
 		var c net.Conn
-		if useUDP {
-			c, err = tnet.DialUDP(nil, &net.UDPAddr{IP: addr, Port: port})
-		} else {
-			c, err = tnet.DialContextTCP(dialCtx, &net.TCPAddr{IP: addr, Port: port})
+		switch matches[1] {
+		case "tcp":
+			c, err = tnet.DialContextTCPAddrPort(dialCtx, addr)
+		case "udp":
+			c, err = tnet.DialUDPAddrPort(netip.AddrPort{}, addr)
+		case "ping":
+			c, err = tnet.DialPingAddr(netip.Addr{}, addr.Addr())
 		}
 		if err == nil {
 			return c, nil

tun/offload_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,993 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ */
+
+package tun
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
+)
+
+const tcpFlagsOffset = 13
+
+const (
+	tcpFlagFIN uint8 = 0x01
+	tcpFlagPSH uint8 = 0x08
+	tcpFlagACK uint8 = 0x10
+)
+
+// virtioNetHdr is defined in the kernel in include/uapi/linux/virtio_net.h. The
+// kernel symbol is virtio_net_hdr.
+type virtioNetHdr struct {
+	flags      uint8
+	gsoType    uint8
+	hdrLen     uint16
+	gsoSize    uint16
+	csumStart  uint16
+	csumOffset uint16
+}
+
+func (v *virtioNetHdr) decode(b []byte) error {
+	if len(b) < virtioNetHdrLen {
+		return io.ErrShortBuffer
+	}
+	copy(unsafe.Slice((*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(v)), virtioNetHdrLen), b[:virtioNetHdrLen])
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (v *virtioNetHdr) encode(b []byte) error {
+	if len(b) < virtioNetHdrLen {
+		return io.ErrShortBuffer
+	}
+	copy(b[:virtioNetHdrLen], unsafe.Slice((*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(v)), virtioNetHdrLen))
+	return nil
+}
+
+const (
+	// virtioNetHdrLen is the length in bytes of virtioNetHdr. This matches the
+	// shape of the C ABI for its kernel counterpart -- sizeof(virtio_net_hdr).
+	virtioNetHdrLen = int(unsafe.Sizeof(virtioNetHdr{}))
+)
+
+// tcpFlowKey represents the key for a TCP flow.
+type tcpFlowKey struct {
+	srcAddr, dstAddr [16]byte
+	srcPort, dstPort uint16
+	rxAck            uint32 // varying ack values should not be coalesced. Treat them as separate flows.
+	isV6             bool
+}
+
+// tcpGROTable holds flow and coalescing information for the purposes of TCP GRO.
+type tcpGROTable struct {
+	itemsByFlow map[tcpFlowKey][]tcpGROItem
+	itemsPool   [][]tcpGROItem
+}
+
+func newTCPGROTable() *tcpGROTable {
+	t := &tcpGROTable{
+		itemsByFlow: make(map[tcpFlowKey][]tcpGROItem, conn.IdealBatchSize),
+		itemsPool:   make([][]tcpGROItem, conn.IdealBatchSize),
+	}
+	for i := range t.itemsPool {
+		t.itemsPool[i] = make([]tcpGROItem, 0, conn.IdealBatchSize)
+	}
+	return t
+}
+
+func newTCPFlowKey(pkt []byte, srcAddrOffset, dstAddrOffset, tcphOffset int) tcpFlowKey {
+	key := tcpFlowKey{}
+	addrSize := dstAddrOffset - srcAddrOffset
+	copy(key.srcAddr[:], pkt[srcAddrOffset:dstAddrOffset])
+	copy(key.dstAddr[:], pkt[dstAddrOffset:dstAddrOffset+addrSize])
+	key.srcPort = binary.BigEndian.Uint16(pkt[tcphOffset:])
+	key.dstPort = binary.BigEndian.Uint16(pkt[tcphOffset+2:])
+	key.rxAck = binary.BigEndian.Uint32(pkt[tcphOffset+8:])
+	key.isV6 = addrSize == 16
+	return key
+}
+
+// lookupOrInsert looks up a flow for the provided packet and metadata,
+// returning the packets found for the flow, or inserting a new one if none
+// is found.
+func (t *tcpGROTable) lookupOrInsert(pkt []byte, srcAddrOffset, dstAddrOffset, tcphOffset, tcphLen, bufsIndex int) ([]tcpGROItem, bool) {
+	key := newTCPFlowKey(pkt, srcAddrOffset, dstAddrOffset, tcphOffset)
+	items, ok := t.itemsByFlow[key]
+	if ok {
+		return items, ok
+	}
+	// TODO: insert() performs another map lookup. This could be rearranged to avoid.
+	t.insert(pkt, srcAddrOffset, dstAddrOffset, tcphOffset, tcphLen, bufsIndex)
+	return nil, false
+}
+
+// insert an item in the table for the provided packet and packet metadata.
+func (t *tcpGROTable) insert(pkt []byte, srcAddrOffset, dstAddrOffset, tcphOffset, tcphLen, bufsIndex int) {
+	key := newTCPFlowKey(pkt, srcAddrOffset, dstAddrOffset, tcphOffset)
+	item := tcpGROItem{
+		key:       key,
+		bufsIndex: uint16(bufsIndex),
+		gsoSize:   uint16(len(pkt[tcphOffset+tcphLen:])),
+		iphLen:    uint8(tcphOffset),
+		tcphLen:   uint8(tcphLen),
+		sentSeq:   binary.BigEndian.Uint32(pkt[tcphOffset+4:]),
+		pshSet:    pkt[tcphOffset+tcpFlagsOffset]&tcpFlagPSH != 0,
+	}
+	items, ok := t.itemsByFlow[key]
+	if !ok {
+		items = t.newItems()
+	}
+	items = append(items, item)
+	t.itemsByFlow[key] = items
+}
+
+func (t *tcpGROTable) updateAt(item tcpGROItem, i int) {
+	items, _ := t.itemsByFlow[item.key]
+	items[i] = item
+}
+
+func (t *tcpGROTable) deleteAt(key tcpFlowKey, i int) {
+	items, _ := t.itemsByFlow[key]
+	items = append(items[:i], items[i+1:]...)
+	t.itemsByFlow[key] = items
+}
+
+// tcpGROItem represents bookkeeping data for a TCP packet during the lifetime
+// of a GRO evaluation across a vector of packets.
+type tcpGROItem struct {
+	key       tcpFlowKey
+	sentSeq   uint32 // the sequence number
+	bufsIndex uint16 // the index into the original bufs slice
+	numMerged uint16 // the number of packets merged into this item
+	gsoSize   uint16 // payload size
+	iphLen    uint8  // ip header len
+	tcphLen   uint8  // tcp header len
+	pshSet    bool   // psh flag is set
+}
+
+func (t *tcpGROTable) newItems() []tcpGROItem {
+	var items []tcpGROItem
+	items, t.itemsPool = t.itemsPool[len(t.itemsPool)-1], t.itemsPool[:len(t.itemsPool)-1]
+	return items
+}
+
+func (t *tcpGROTable) reset() {
+	for k, items := range t.itemsByFlow {
+		items = items[:0]
+		t.itemsPool = append(t.itemsPool, items)
+		delete(t.itemsByFlow, k)
+	}
+}
+
+// udpFlowKey represents the key for a UDP flow.
+type udpFlowKey struct {
+	srcAddr, dstAddr [16]byte
+	srcPort, dstPort uint16
+	isV6             bool
+}
+
+// udpGROTable holds flow and coalescing information for the purposes of UDP GRO.
+type udpGROTable struct {
+	itemsByFlow map[udpFlowKey][]udpGROItem
+	itemsPool   [][]udpGROItem
+}
+
+func newUDPGROTable() *udpGROTable {
+	u := &udpGROTable{
+		itemsByFlow: make(map[udpFlowKey][]udpGROItem, conn.IdealBatchSize),
+		itemsPool:   make([][]udpGROItem, conn.IdealBatchSize),
+	}
+	for i := range u.itemsPool {
+		u.itemsPool[i] = make([]udpGROItem, 0, conn.IdealBatchSize)
+	}
+	return u
+}
+
+func newUDPFlowKey(pkt []byte, srcAddrOffset, dstAddrOffset, udphOffset int) udpFlowKey {
+	key := udpFlowKey{}
+	addrSize := dstAddrOffset - srcAddrOffset
+	copy(key.srcAddr[:], pkt[srcAddrOffset:dstAddrOffset])
+	copy(key.dstAddr[:], pkt[dstAddrOffset:dstAddrOffset+addrSize])
+	key.srcPort = binary.BigEndian.Uint16(pkt[udphOffset:])
+	key.dstPort = binary.BigEndian.Uint16(pkt[udphOffset+2:])
+	key.isV6 = addrSize == 16
+	return key
+}
+
+// lookupOrInsert looks up a flow for the provided packet and metadata,
+// returning the packets found for the flow, or inserting a new one if none
+// is found.
+func (u *udpGROTable) lookupOrInsert(pkt []byte, srcAddrOffset, dstAddrOffset, udphOffset, bufsIndex int) ([]udpGROItem, bool) {
+	key := newUDPFlowKey(pkt, srcAddrOffset, dstAddrOffset, udphOffset)
+	items, ok := u.itemsByFlow[key]
+	if ok {
+		return items, ok
+	}
+	// TODO: insert() performs another map lookup. This could be rearranged to avoid.
+	u.insert(pkt, srcAddrOffset, dstAddrOffset, udphOffset, bufsIndex, false)
+	return nil, false
+}
+
+// insert an item in the table for the provided packet and packet metadata.
+func (u *udpGROTable) insert(pkt []byte, srcAddrOffset, dstAddrOffset, udphOffset, bufsIndex int, cSumKnownInvalid bool) {
+	key := newUDPFlowKey(pkt, srcAddrOffset, dstAddrOffset, udphOffset)
+	item := udpGROItem{
+		key:              key,
+		bufsIndex:        uint16(bufsIndex),
+		gsoSize:          uint16(len(pkt[udphOffset+udphLen:])),
+		iphLen:           uint8(udphOffset),
+		cSumKnownInvalid: cSumKnownInvalid,
+	}
+	items, ok := u.itemsByFlow[key]
+	if !ok {
+		items = u.newItems()
+	}
+	items = append(items, item)
+	u.itemsByFlow[key] = items
+}
+
+func (u *udpGROTable) updateAt(item udpGROItem, i int) {
+	items, _ := u.itemsByFlow[item.key]
+	items[i] = item
+}
+
+// udpGROItem represents bookkeeping data for a UDP packet during the lifetime
+// of a GRO evaluation across a vector of packets.
+type udpGROItem struct {
+	key              udpFlowKey
+	bufsIndex        uint16 // the index into the original bufs slice
+	numMerged        uint16 // the number of packets merged into this item
+	gsoSize          uint16 // payload size
+	iphLen           uint8  // ip header len
+	cSumKnownInvalid bool   // UDP header checksum validity; a false value DOES NOT imply valid, just unknown.
+}
+
+func (u *udpGROTable) newItems() []udpGROItem {
+	var items []udpGROItem
+	items, u.itemsPool = u.itemsPool[len(u.itemsPool)-1], u.itemsPool[:len(u.itemsPool)-1]
+	return items
+}
+
+func (u *udpGROTable) reset() {
+	for k, items := range u.itemsByFlow {
+		items = items[:0]
+		u.itemsPool = append(u.itemsPool, items)
+		delete(u.itemsByFlow, k)
+	}
+}
+
+// canCoalesce represents the outcome of checking if two TCP packets are
+// candidates for coalescing.
+type canCoalesce int
+
+const (
+	coalescePrepend     canCoalesce = -1
+	coalesceUnavailable canCoalesce = 0
+	coalesceAppend      canCoalesce = 1
+)
+
+// ipHeadersCanCoalesce returns true if the IP headers found in pktA and pktB
+// meet all requirements to be merged as part of a GRO operation, otherwise it
+// returns false.
+func ipHeadersCanCoalesce(pktA, pktB []byte) bool {
+	if len(pktA) < 9 || len(pktB) < 9 {
+		return false
+	}
+	if pktA[0]>>4 == 6 {
+		if pktA[0] != pktB[0] || pktA[1]>>4 != pktB[1]>>4 {
+			// cannot coalesce with unequal Traffic class values
+			return false
+		}
+		if pktA[7] != pktB[7] {
+			// cannot coalesce with unequal Hop limit values
+			return false
+		}
+	} else {
+		if pktA[1] != pktB[1] {
+			// cannot coalesce with unequal ToS values
+			return false
+		}
+		if pktA[6]>>5 != pktB[6]>>5 {
+			// cannot coalesce with unequal DF or reserved bits. MF is checked
+			// further up the stack.
+			return false
+		}
+		if pktA[8] != pktB[8] {
+			// cannot coalesce with unequal TTL values
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// udpPacketsCanCoalesce evaluates if pkt can be coalesced with the packet
+// described by item. iphLen and gsoSize describe pkt. bufs is the vector of
+// packets involved in the current GRO evaluation. bufsOffset is the offset at
+// which packet data begins within bufs.
+func udpPacketsCanCoalesce(pkt []byte, iphLen uint8, gsoSize uint16, item udpGROItem, bufs [][]byte, bufsOffset int) canCoalesce {
+	pktTarget := bufs[item.bufsIndex][bufsOffset:]
+	if !ipHeadersCanCoalesce(pkt, pktTarget) {
+		return coalesceUnavailable
+	}
+	if len(pktTarget[iphLen+udphLen:])%int(item.gsoSize) != 0 {
+		// A smaller than gsoSize packet has been appended previously.
+		// Nothing can come after a smaller packet on the end.
+		return coalesceUnavailable
+	}
+	if gsoSize > item.gsoSize {
+		// We cannot have a larger packet following a smaller one.
+		return coalesceUnavailable
+	}
+	return coalesceAppend
+}
+
+// tcpPacketsCanCoalesce evaluates if pkt can be coalesced with the packet
+// described by item. This function makes considerations that match the kernel's
+// GRO self tests, which can be found in tools/testing/selftests/net/gro.c.
+func tcpPacketsCanCoalesce(pkt []byte, iphLen, tcphLen uint8, seq uint32, pshSet bool, gsoSize uint16, item tcpGROItem, bufs [][]byte, bufsOffset int) canCoalesce {
+	pktTarget := bufs[item.bufsIndex][bufsOffset:]
+	if tcphLen != item.tcphLen {
+		// cannot coalesce with unequal tcp options len
+		return coalesceUnavailable
+	}
+	if tcphLen > 20 {
+		if !bytes.Equal(pkt[iphLen+20:iphLen+tcphLen], pktTarget[item.iphLen+20:iphLen+tcphLen]) {
+			// cannot coalesce with unequal tcp options
+			return coalesceUnavailable
+		}
+	}
+	if !ipHeadersCanCoalesce(pkt, pktTarget) {
+		return coalesceUnavailable
+	}
+	// seq adjacency
+	lhsLen := item.gsoSize
+	lhsLen += item.numMerged * item.gsoSize
+	if seq == item.sentSeq+uint32(lhsLen) { // pkt aligns following item from a seq num perspective
+		if item.pshSet {
+			// We cannot append to a segment that has the PSH flag set, PSH
+			// can only be set on the final segment in a reassembled group.
+			return coalesceUnavailable
+		}
+		if len(pktTarget[iphLen+tcphLen:])%int(item.gsoSize) != 0 {
+			// A smaller than gsoSize packet has been appended previously.
+			// Nothing can come after a smaller packet on the end.
+			return coalesceUnavailable
+		}
+		if gsoSize > item.gsoSize {
+			// We cannot have a larger packet following a smaller one.
+			return coalesceUnavailable
+		}
+		return coalesceAppend
+	} else if seq+uint32(gsoSize) == item.sentSeq { // pkt aligns in front of item from a seq num perspective
+		if pshSet {
+			// We cannot prepend with a segment that has the PSH flag set, PSH
+			// can only be set on the final segment in a reassembled group.
+			return coalesceUnavailable
+		}
+		if gsoSize < item.gsoSize {
+			// We cannot have a larger packet following a smaller one.
+			return coalesceUnavailable
+		}
+		if gsoSize > item.gsoSize && item.numMerged > 0 {
+			// There's at least one previous merge, and we're larger than all
+			// previous. This would put multiple smaller packets on the end.
+			return coalesceUnavailable
+		}
+		return coalescePrepend
+	}
+	return coalesceUnavailable
+}
+
+func checksumValid(pkt []byte, iphLen, proto uint8, isV6 bool) bool {
+	srcAddrAt := ipv4SrcAddrOffset
+	addrSize := 4
+	if isV6 {
+		srcAddrAt = ipv6SrcAddrOffset
+		addrSize = 16
+	}
+	lenForPseudo := uint16(len(pkt) - int(iphLen))
+	cSum := pseudoHeaderChecksumNoFold(proto, pkt[srcAddrAt:srcAddrAt+addrSize], pkt[srcAddrAt+addrSize:srcAddrAt+addrSize*2], lenForPseudo)
+	return ^checksum(pkt[iphLen:], cSum) == 0
+}
+
+// coalesceResult represents the result of attempting to coalesce two TCP
+// packets.
+type coalesceResult int
+
+const (
+	coalesceInsufficientCap coalesceResult = iota
+	coalescePSHEnding
+	coalesceItemInvalidCSum
+	coalescePktInvalidCSum
+	coalesceSuccess
+)
+
+// coalesceUDPPackets attempts to coalesce pkt with the packet described by
+// item, and returns the outcome.
+func coalesceUDPPackets(pkt []byte, item *udpGROItem, bufs [][]byte, bufsOffset int, isV6 bool) coalesceResult {
+	pktHead := bufs[item.bufsIndex][bufsOffset:] // the packet that will end up at the front
+	headersLen := item.iphLen + udphLen
+	coalescedLen := len(bufs[item.bufsIndex][bufsOffset:]) + len(pkt) - int(headersLen)
+
+	if cap(pktHead)-bufsOffset < coalescedLen {
+		// We don't want to allocate a new underlying array if capacity is
+		// too small.
+		return coalesceInsufficientCap
+	}
+	if item.numMerged == 0 {
+		if item.cSumKnownInvalid || !checksumValid(bufs[item.bufsIndex][bufsOffset:], item.iphLen, unix.IPPROTO_UDP, isV6) {
+			return coalesceItemInvalidCSum
+		}
+	}
+	if !checksumValid(pkt, item.iphLen, unix.IPPROTO_UDP, isV6) {
+		return coalescePktInvalidCSum
+	}
+	extendBy := len(pkt) - int(headersLen)
+	bufs[item.bufsIndex] = append(bufs[item.bufsIndex], make([]byte, extendBy)...)
+	copy(bufs[item.bufsIndex][bufsOffset+len(pktHead):], pkt[headersLen:])
+
+	item.numMerged++
+	return coalesceSuccess
+}
+
+// coalesceTCPPackets attempts to coalesce pkt with the packet described by
+// item, and returns the outcome. This function may swap bufs elements in the
+// event of a prepend as item's bufs index is already being tracked for writing
+// to a Device.
+func coalesceTCPPackets(mode canCoalesce, pkt []byte, pktBuffsIndex int, gsoSize uint16, seq uint32, pshSet bool, item *tcpGROItem, bufs [][]byte, bufsOffset int, isV6 bool) coalesceResult {
+	var pktHead []byte // the packet that will end up at the front
+	headersLen := item.iphLen + item.tcphLen
+	coalescedLen := len(bufs[item.bufsIndex][bufsOffset:]) + len(pkt) - int(headersLen)
+
+	// Copy data
+	if mode == coalescePrepend {
+		pktHead = pkt
+		if cap(pkt)-bufsOffset < coalescedLen {
+			// We don't want to allocate a new underlying array if capacity is
+			// too small.
+			return coalesceInsufficientCap
+		}
+		if pshSet {
+			return coalescePSHEnding
+		}
+		if item.numMerged == 0 {
+			if !checksumValid(bufs[item.bufsIndex][bufsOffset:], item.iphLen, unix.IPPROTO_TCP, isV6) {
+				return coalesceItemInvalidCSum
+			}
+		}
+		if !checksumValid(pkt, item.iphLen, unix.IPPROTO_TCP, isV6) {
+			return coalescePktInvalidCSum
+		}
+		item.sentSeq = seq
+		extendBy := coalescedLen - len(pktHead)
+		bufs[pktBuffsIndex] = append(bufs[pktBuffsIndex], make([]byte, extendBy)...)
+		copy(bufs[pktBuffsIndex][bufsOffset+len(pkt):], bufs[item.bufsIndex][bufsOffset+int(headersLen):])
+		// Flip the slice headers in bufs as part of prepend. The index of item
+		// is already being tracked for writing.
+		bufs[item.bufsIndex], bufs[pktBuffsIndex] = bufs[pktBuffsIndex], bufs[item.bufsIndex]
+	} else {
+		pktHead = bufs[item.bufsIndex][bufsOffset:]
+		if cap(pktHead)-bufsOffset < coalescedLen {
+			// We don't want to allocate a new underlying array if capacity is
+			// too small.
+			return coalesceInsufficientCap
+		}
+		if item.numMerged == 0 {
+			if !checksumValid(bufs[item.bufsIndex][bufsOffset:], item.iphLen, unix.IPPROTO_TCP, isV6) {
+				return coalesceItemInvalidCSum
+			}
+		}
+		if !checksumValid(pkt, item.iphLen, unix.IPPROTO_TCP, isV6) {
+			return coalescePktInvalidCSum
+		}
+		if pshSet {
+			// We are appending a segment with PSH set.
+			item.pshSet = pshSet
+			pktHead[item.iphLen+tcpFlagsOffset] |= tcpFlagPSH
+		}
+		extendBy := len(pkt) - int(headersLen)
+		bufs[item.bufsIndex] = append(bufs[item.bufsIndex], make([]byte, extendBy)...)
+		copy(bufs[item.bufsIndex][bufsOffset+len(pktHead):], pkt[headersLen:])
+	}
+
+	if gsoSize > item.gsoSize {
+		item.gsoSize = gsoSize
+	}
+
+	item.numMerged++
+	return coalesceSuccess
+}
+
+const (
+	ipv4FlagMoreFragments uint8 = 0x20
+)
+
+const (
+	ipv4SrcAddrOffset = 12
+	ipv6SrcAddrOffset = 8
+	maxUint16         = 1<<16 - 1
+)
+
+type groResult int
+
+const (
+	groResultNoop groResult = iota
+	groResultTableInsert
+	groResultCoalesced
+)
+
+// tcpGRO evaluates the TCP packet at pktI in bufs for coalescing with
+// existing packets tracked in table. It returns a groResultNoop when no
+// action was taken, groResultTableInsert when the evaluated packet was
+// inserted into table, and groResultCoalesced when the evaluated packet was
+// coalesced with another packet in table.
+func tcpGRO(bufs [][]byte, offset int, pktI int, table *tcpGROTable, isV6 bool) groResult {
+	pkt := bufs[pktI][offset:]
+	if len(pkt) > maxUint16 {
+		// A valid IPv4 or IPv6 packet will never exceed this.
+		return groResultNoop
+	}
+	iphLen := int((pkt[0] & 0x0F) * 4)
+	if isV6 {
+		iphLen = 40
+		ipv6HPayloadLen := int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(pkt[4:]))
+		if ipv6HPayloadLen != len(pkt)-iphLen {
+			return groResultNoop
+		}
+	} else {
+		totalLen := int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(pkt[2:]))
+		if totalLen != len(pkt) {
+			return groResultNoop
+		}
+	}
+	if len(pkt) < iphLen {
+		return groResultNoop
+	}
+	tcphLen := int((pkt[iphLen+12] >> 4) * 4)
+	if tcphLen < 20 || tcphLen > 60 {
+		return groResultNoop
+	}
+	if len(pkt) < iphLen+tcphLen {
+		return groResultNoop
+	}
+	if !isV6 {
+		if pkt[6]&ipv4FlagMoreFragments != 0 || pkt[6]<<3 != 0 || pkt[7] != 0 {
+			// no GRO support for fragmented segments for now
+			return groResultNoop
+		}
+	}
+	tcpFlags := pkt[iphLen+tcpFlagsOffset]
+	var pshSet bool
+	// not a candidate if any non-ACK flags (except PSH+ACK) are set
+	if tcpFlags != tcpFlagACK {
+		if pkt[iphLen+tcpFlagsOffset] != tcpFlagACK|tcpFlagPSH {
+			return groResultNoop
+		}
+		pshSet = true
+	}
+	gsoSize := uint16(len(pkt) - tcphLen - iphLen)
+	// not a candidate if payload len is 0
+	if gsoSize < 1 {
+		return groResultNoop
+	}
+	seq := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(pkt[iphLen+4:])
+	srcAddrOffset := ipv4SrcAddrOffset
+	addrLen := 4
+	if isV6 {
+		srcAddrOffset = ipv6SrcAddrOffset
+		addrLen = 16
+	}
+	items, existing := table.lookupOrInsert(pkt, srcAddrOffset, srcAddrOffset+addrLen, iphLen, tcphLen, pktI)
+	if !existing {
+		return groResultTableInsert
+	}
+	for i := len(items) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		// In the best case of packets arriving in order iterating in reverse is
+		// more efficient if there are multiple items for a given flow. This
+		// also enables a natural table.deleteAt() in the
+		// coalesceItemInvalidCSum case without the need for index tracking.
+		// This algorithm makes a best effort to coalesce in the event of
+		// unordered packets, where pkt may land anywhere in items from a
+		// sequence number perspective, however once an item is inserted into
+		// the table it is never compared across other items later.
+		item := items[i]
+		can := tcpPacketsCanCoalesce(pkt, uint8(iphLen), uint8(tcphLen), seq, pshSet, gsoSize, item, bufs, offset)
+		if can != coalesceUnavailable {
+			result := coalesceTCPPackets(can, pkt, pktI, gsoSize, seq, pshSet, &item, bufs, offset, isV6)
+			switch result {
+			case coalesceSuccess:
+				table.updateAt(item, i)
+				return groResultCoalesced
+			case coalesceItemInvalidCSum:
+				// delete the item with an invalid csum
+				table.deleteAt(item.key, i)
+			case coalescePktInvalidCSum:
+				// no point in inserting an item that we can't coalesce
+				return groResultNoop
+			default:
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	// failed to coalesce with any other packets; store the item in the flow
+	table.insert(pkt, srcAddrOffset, srcAddrOffset+addrLen, iphLen, tcphLen, pktI)
+	return groResultTableInsert
+}
+
+// applyTCPCoalesceAccounting updates bufs to account for coalescing based on the
+// metadata found in table.
+func applyTCPCoalesceAccounting(bufs [][]byte, offset int, table *tcpGROTable) error {
+	for _, items := range table.itemsByFlow {
+		for _, item := range items {
+			if item.numMerged > 0 {
+				hdr := virtioNetHdr{
+					flags:      unix.VIRTIO_NET_HDR_F_NEEDS_CSUM, // this turns into CHECKSUM_PARTIAL in the skb
+					hdrLen:     uint16(item.iphLen + item.tcphLen),
+					gsoSize:    item.gsoSize,
+					csumStart:  uint16(item.iphLen),
+					csumOffset: 16,
+				}
+				pkt := bufs[item.bufsIndex][offset:]
+
+				// Recalculate the total len (IPv4) or payload len (IPv6).
+				// Recalculate the (IPv4) header checksum.
+				if item.key.isV6 {
+					hdr.gsoType = unix.VIRTIO_NET_HDR_GSO_TCPV6
+					binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(pkt[4:], uint16(len(pkt))-uint16(item.iphLen)) // set new IPv6 header payload len
+				} else {
+					hdr.gsoType = unix.VIRTIO_NET_HDR_GSO_TCPV4
+					pkt[10], pkt[11] = 0, 0
+					binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(pkt[2:], uint16(len(pkt))) // set new total length
+					iphCSum := ^checksum(pkt[:item.iphLen], 0)            // compute IPv4 header checksum
+					binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(pkt[10:], iphCSum)         // set IPv4 header checksum field
+				}
+				err := hdr.encode(bufs[item.bufsIndex][offset-virtioNetHdrLen:])
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+
+				// Calculate the pseudo header checksum and place it at the TCP
+				// checksum offset. Downstream checksum offloading will combine
+				// this with computation of the tcp header and payload checksum.
+				addrLen := 4
+				addrOffset := ipv4SrcAddrOffset
+				if item.key.isV6 {
+					addrLen = 16
+					addrOffset = ipv6SrcAddrOffset
+				}
+				srcAddrAt := offset + addrOffset
+				srcAddr := bufs[item.bufsIndex][srcAddrAt : srcAddrAt+addrLen]
+				dstAddr := bufs[item.bufsIndex][srcAddrAt+addrLen : srcAddrAt+addrLen*2]
+				psum := pseudoHeaderChecksumNoFold(unix.IPPROTO_TCP, srcAddr, dstAddr, uint16(len(pkt)-int(item.iphLen)))
+				binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(pkt[hdr.csumStart+hdr.csumOffset:], checksum([]byte{}, psum))
+			} else {
+				hdr := virtioNetHdr{}
+				err := hdr.encode(bufs[item.bufsIndex][offset-virtioNetHdrLen:])
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// applyUDPCoalesceAccounting updates bufs to account for coalescing based on the
+// metadata found in table.
+func applyUDPCoalesceAccounting(bufs [][]byte, offset int, table *udpGROTable) error {
+	for _, items := range table.itemsByFlow {
+		for _, item := range items {
+			if item.numMerged > 0 {
+				hdr := virtioNetHdr{
+					flags:      unix.VIRTIO_NET_HDR_F_NEEDS_CSUM, // this turns into CHECKSUM_PARTIAL in the skb
+					hdrLen:     uint16(item.iphLen + udphLen),
+					gsoSize:    item.gsoSize,
+					csumStart:  uint16(item.iphLen),
+					csumOffset: 6,
+				}
+				pkt := bufs[item.bufsIndex][offset:]
+
+				// Recalculate the total len (IPv4) or payload len (IPv6).
+				// Recalculate the (IPv4) header checksum.
+				hdr.gsoType = unix.VIRTIO_NET_HDR_GSO_UDP_L4
+				if item.key.isV6 {
+					binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(pkt[4:], uint16(len(pkt))-uint16(item.iphLen)) // set new IPv6 header payload len
+				} else {
+					pkt[10], pkt[11] = 0, 0
+					binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(pkt[2:], uint16(len(pkt))) // set new total length
+					iphCSum := ^checksum(pkt[:item.iphLen], 0)            // compute IPv4 header checksum
+					binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(pkt[10:], iphCSum)         // set IPv4 header checksum field
+				}
+				err := hdr.encode(bufs[item.bufsIndex][offset-virtioNetHdrLen:])
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+
+				// Recalculate the UDP len field value
+				binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(pkt[item.iphLen+4:], uint16(len(pkt[item.iphLen:])))
+
+				// Calculate the pseudo header checksum and place it at the UDP
+				// checksum offset. Downstream checksum offloading will combine
+				// this with computation of the udp header and payload checksum.
+				addrLen := 4
+				addrOffset := ipv4SrcAddrOffset
+				if item.key.isV6 {
+					addrLen = 16
+					addrOffset = ipv6SrcAddrOffset
+				}
+				srcAddrAt := offset + addrOffset
+				srcAddr := bufs[item.bufsIndex][srcAddrAt : srcAddrAt+addrLen]
+				dstAddr := bufs[item.bufsIndex][srcAddrAt+addrLen : srcAddrAt+addrLen*2]
+				psum := pseudoHeaderChecksumNoFold(unix.IPPROTO_UDP, srcAddr, dstAddr, uint16(len(pkt)-int(item.iphLen)))
+				binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(pkt[hdr.csumStart+hdr.csumOffset:], checksum([]byte{}, psum))
+			} else {
+				hdr := virtioNetHdr{}
+				err := hdr.encode(bufs[item.bufsIndex][offset-virtioNetHdrLen:])
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type groCandidateType uint8
+
+const (
+	notGROCandidate groCandidateType = iota
+	tcp4GROCandidate
+	tcp6GROCandidate
+	udp4GROCandidate
+	udp6GROCandidate
+)
+
+func packetIsGROCandidate(b []byte, canUDPGRO bool) groCandidateType {
+	if len(b) < 28 {
+		return notGROCandidate
+	}
+	if b[0]>>4 == 4 {
+		if b[0]&0x0F != 5 {
+			// IPv4 packets w/IP options do not coalesce
+			return notGROCandidate
+		}
+		if b[9] == unix.IPPROTO_TCP && len(b) >= 40 {
+			return tcp4GROCandidate
+		}
+		if b[9] == unix.IPPROTO_UDP && canUDPGRO {
+			return udp4GROCandidate
+		}
+	} else if b[0]>>4 == 6 {
+		if b[6] == unix.IPPROTO_TCP && len(b) >= 60 {
+			return tcp6GROCandidate
+		}
+		if b[6] == unix.IPPROTO_UDP && len(b) >= 48 && canUDPGRO {
+			return udp6GROCandidate
+		}
+	}
+	return notGROCandidate
+}
+
+const (
+	udphLen = 8
+)
+
+// udpGRO evaluates the UDP packet at pktI in bufs for coalescing with
+// existing packets tracked in table. It returns a groResultNoop when no
+// action was taken, groResultTableInsert when the evaluated packet was
+// inserted into table, and groResultCoalesced when the evaluated packet was
+// coalesced with another packet in table.
+func udpGRO(bufs [][]byte, offset int, pktI int, table *udpGROTable, isV6 bool) groResult {
+	pkt := bufs[pktI][offset:]
+	if len(pkt) > maxUint16 {
+		// A valid IPv4 or IPv6 packet will never exceed this.
+		return groResultNoop
+	}
+	iphLen := int((pkt[0] & 0x0F) * 4)
+	if isV6 {
+		iphLen = 40
+		ipv6HPayloadLen := int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(pkt[4:]))
+		if ipv6HPayloadLen != len(pkt)-iphLen {
+			return groResultNoop
+		}
+	} else {
+		totalLen := int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(pkt[2:]))
+		if totalLen != len(pkt) {
+			return groResultNoop
+		}
+	}
+	if len(pkt) < iphLen {
+		return groResultNoop
+	}
+	if len(pkt) < iphLen+udphLen {
+		return groResultNoop
+	}
+	if !isV6 {
+		if pkt[6]&ipv4FlagMoreFragments != 0 || pkt[6]<<3 != 0 || pkt[7] != 0 {
+			// no GRO support for fragmented segments for now
+			return groResultNoop
+		}
+	}
+	gsoSize := uint16(len(pkt) - udphLen - iphLen)
+	// not a candidate if payload len is 0
+	if gsoSize < 1 {
+		return groResultNoop
+	}
+	srcAddrOffset := ipv4SrcAddrOffset
+	addrLen := 4
+	if isV6 {
+		srcAddrOffset = ipv6SrcAddrOffset
+		addrLen = 16
+	}
+	items, existing := table.lookupOrInsert(pkt, srcAddrOffset, srcAddrOffset+addrLen, iphLen, pktI)
+	if !existing {
+		return groResultTableInsert
+	}
+	// With UDP we only check the last item, otherwise we could reorder packets
+	// for a given flow. We must also always insert a new item, or successfully
+	// coalesce with an existing item, for the same reason.
+	item := items[len(items)-1]
+	can := udpPacketsCanCoalesce(pkt, uint8(iphLen), gsoSize, item, bufs, offset)
+	var pktCSumKnownInvalid bool
+	if can == coalesceAppend {
+		result := coalesceUDPPackets(pkt, &item, bufs, offset, isV6)
+		switch result {
+		case coalesceSuccess:
+			table.updateAt(item, len(items)-1)
+			return groResultCoalesced
+		case coalesceItemInvalidCSum:
+			// If the existing item has an invalid csum we take no action. A new
+			// item will be stored after it, and the existing item will never be
+			// revisited as part of future coalescing candidacy checks.
+		case coalescePktInvalidCSum:
+			// We must insert a new item, but we also mark it as invalid csum
+			// to prevent a repeat checksum validation.
+			pktCSumKnownInvalid = true
+		default:
+		}
+	}
+	// failed to coalesce with any other packets; store the item in the flow
+	table.insert(pkt, srcAddrOffset, srcAddrOffset+addrLen, iphLen, pktI, pktCSumKnownInvalid)
+	return groResultTableInsert
+}
+
+// handleGRO evaluates bufs for GRO, and writes the indices of the resulting
+// packets into toWrite. toWrite, tcpTable, and udpTable should initially be
+// empty (but non-nil), and are passed in to save allocs as the caller may reset
+// and recycle them across vectors of packets. canUDPGRO indicates if UDP GRO is
+// supported.
+func handleGRO(bufs [][]byte, offset int, tcpTable *tcpGROTable, udpTable *udpGROTable, canUDPGRO bool, toWrite *[]int) error {
+	for i := range bufs {
+		if offset < virtioNetHdrLen || offset > len(bufs[i])-1 {
+			return errors.New("invalid offset")
+		}
+		var result groResult
+		switch packetIsGROCandidate(bufs[i][offset:], canUDPGRO) {
+		case tcp4GROCandidate:
+			result = tcpGRO(bufs, offset, i, tcpTable, false)
+		case tcp6GROCandidate:
+			result = tcpGRO(bufs, offset, i, tcpTable, true)
+		case udp4GROCandidate:
+			result = udpGRO(bufs, offset, i, udpTable, false)
+		case udp6GROCandidate:
+			result = udpGRO(bufs, offset, i, udpTable, true)
+		}
+		switch result {
+		case groResultNoop:
+			hdr := virtioNetHdr{}
+			err := hdr.encode(bufs[i][offset-virtioNetHdrLen:])
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			fallthrough
+		case groResultTableInsert:
+			*toWrite = append(*toWrite, i)
+		}
+	}
+	errTCP := applyTCPCoalesceAccounting(bufs, offset, tcpTable)
+	errUDP := applyUDPCoalesceAccounting(bufs, offset, udpTable)
+	return errors.Join(errTCP, errUDP)
+}
+
+// gsoSplit splits packets from in into outBuffs, writing the size of each
+// element into sizes. It returns the number of buffers populated, and/or an
+// error.
+func gsoSplit(in []byte, hdr virtioNetHdr, outBuffs [][]byte, sizes []int, outOffset int, isV6 bool) (int, error) {
+	iphLen := int(hdr.csumStart)
+	srcAddrOffset := ipv6SrcAddrOffset
+	addrLen := 16
+	if !isV6 {
+		in[10], in[11] = 0, 0 // clear ipv4 header checksum
+		srcAddrOffset = ipv4SrcAddrOffset
+		addrLen = 4
+	}
+	transportCsumAt := int(hdr.csumStart + hdr.csumOffset)
+	in[transportCsumAt], in[transportCsumAt+1] = 0, 0 // clear tcp/udp checksum
+	var firstTCPSeqNum uint32
+	var protocol uint8
+	if hdr.gsoType == unix.VIRTIO_NET_HDR_GSO_TCPV4 || hdr.gsoType == unix.VIRTIO_NET_HDR_GSO_TCPV6 {
+		protocol = unix.IPPROTO_TCP
+		firstTCPSeqNum = binary.BigEndian.Uint32(in[hdr.csumStart+4:])
+	} else {
+		protocol = unix.IPPROTO_UDP
+	}
+	nextSegmentDataAt := int(hdr.hdrLen)
+	i := 0
+	for ; nextSegmentDataAt < len(in); i++ {
+		if i == len(outBuffs) {
+			return i - 1, ErrTooManySegments
+		}
+		nextSegmentEnd := nextSegmentDataAt + int(hdr.gsoSize)
+		if nextSegmentEnd > len(in) {
+			nextSegmentEnd = len(in)
+		}
+		segmentDataLen := nextSegmentEnd - nextSegmentDataAt
+		totalLen := int(hdr.hdrLen) + segmentDataLen
+		sizes[i] = totalLen
+		out := outBuffs[i][outOffset:]
+
+		copy(out, in[:iphLen])
+		if !isV6 {
+			// For IPv4 we are responsible for incrementing the ID field,
+			// updating the total len field, and recalculating the header
+			// checksum.
+			if i > 0 {
+				id := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(out[4:])
+				id += uint16(i)
+				binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(out[4:], id)
+			}
+			binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(out[2:], uint16(totalLen))
+			ipv4CSum := ^checksum(out[:iphLen], 0)
+			binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(out[10:], ipv4CSum)
+		} else {
+			// For IPv6 we are responsible for updating the payload length field.
+			binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(out[4:], uint16(totalLen-iphLen))
+		}
+
+		// copy transport header
+		copy(out[hdr.csumStart:hdr.hdrLen], in[hdr.csumStart:hdr.hdrLen])
+
+		if protocol == unix.IPPROTO_TCP {
+			// set TCP seq and adjust TCP flags
+			tcpSeq := firstTCPSeqNum + uint32(hdr.gsoSize*uint16(i))
+			binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(out[hdr.csumStart+4:], tcpSeq)
+			if nextSegmentEnd != len(in) {
+				// FIN and PSH should only be set on last segment
+				clearFlags := tcpFlagFIN | tcpFlagPSH
+				out[hdr.csumStart+tcpFlagsOffset] &^= clearFlags
+			}
+		} else {
+			// set UDP header len
+			binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(out[hdr.csumStart+4:], uint16(segmentDataLen)+(hdr.hdrLen-hdr.csumStart))
+		}
+
+		// payload
+		copy(out[hdr.hdrLen:], in[nextSegmentDataAt:nextSegmentEnd])
+
+		// transport checksum
+		transportHeaderLen := int(hdr.hdrLen - hdr.csumStart)
+		lenForPseudo := uint16(transportHeaderLen + segmentDataLen)
+		transportCSumNoFold := pseudoHeaderChecksumNoFold(protocol, in[srcAddrOffset:srcAddrOffset+addrLen], in[srcAddrOffset+addrLen:srcAddrOffset+addrLen*2], lenForPseudo)
+		transportCSum := ^checksum(out[hdr.csumStart:totalLen], transportCSumNoFold)
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(out[hdr.csumStart+hdr.csumOffset:], transportCSum)
+
+		nextSegmentDataAt += int(hdr.gsoSize)
+	}
+	return i, nil
+}
+
+func gsoNoneChecksum(in []byte, cSumStart, cSumOffset uint16) error {
+	cSumAt := cSumStart + cSumOffset
+	// The initial value at the checksum offset should be summed with the
+	// checksum we compute. This is typically the pseudo-header checksum.
+	initial := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(in[cSumAt:])
+	in[cSumAt], in[cSumAt+1] = 0, 0
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(in[cSumAt:], ^checksum(in[cSumStart:], uint64(initial)))
+	return nil
+}

tun/offload_linux_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,752 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ */
+
+package tun
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/header"
+)
+
+const (
+	offset = virtioNetHdrLen
+)
+
+var (
+	ip4PortA = netip.MustParseAddrPort("192.0.2.1:1")
+	ip4PortB = netip.MustParseAddrPort("192.0.2.2:1")
+	ip4PortC = netip.MustParseAddrPort("192.0.2.3:1")
+	ip6PortA = netip.MustParseAddrPort("[2001:db8::1]:1")
+	ip6PortB = netip.MustParseAddrPort("[2001:db8::2]:1")
+	ip6PortC = netip.MustParseAddrPort("[2001:db8::3]:1")
+)
+
+func udp4PacketMutateIPFields(srcIPPort, dstIPPort netip.AddrPort, payloadLen int, ipFn func(*header.IPv4Fields)) []byte {
+	totalLen := 28 + payloadLen
+	b := make([]byte, offset+int(totalLen), 65535)
+	ipv4H := header.IPv4(b[offset:])
+	srcAs4 := srcIPPort.Addr().As4()
+	dstAs4 := dstIPPort.Addr().As4()
+	ipFields := &header.IPv4Fields{
+		SrcAddr:     tcpip.AddrFromSlice(srcAs4[:]),
+		DstAddr:     tcpip.AddrFromSlice(dstAs4[:]),
+		Protocol:    unix.IPPROTO_UDP,
+		TTL:         64,
+		TotalLength: uint16(totalLen),
+	}
+	if ipFn != nil {
+		ipFn(ipFields)
+	}
+	ipv4H.Encode(ipFields)
+	udpH := header.UDP(b[offset+20:])
+	udpH.Encode(&header.UDPFields{
+		SrcPort: srcIPPort.Port(),
+		DstPort: dstIPPort.Port(),
+		Length:  uint16(payloadLen + udphLen),
+	})
+	ipv4H.SetChecksum(^ipv4H.CalculateChecksum())
+	pseudoCsum := header.PseudoHeaderChecksum(unix.IPPROTO_UDP, ipv4H.SourceAddress(), ipv4H.DestinationAddress(), uint16(udphLen+payloadLen))
+	udpH.SetChecksum(^udpH.CalculateChecksum(pseudoCsum))
+	return b
+}
+
+func udp6Packet(srcIPPort, dstIPPort netip.AddrPort, payloadLen int) []byte {
+	return udp6PacketMutateIPFields(srcIPPort, dstIPPort, payloadLen, nil)
+}
+
+func udp6PacketMutateIPFields(srcIPPort, dstIPPort netip.AddrPort, payloadLen int, ipFn func(*header.IPv6Fields)) []byte {
+	totalLen := 48 + payloadLen
+	b := make([]byte, offset+int(totalLen), 65535)
+	ipv6H := header.IPv6(b[offset:])
+	srcAs16 := srcIPPort.Addr().As16()
+	dstAs16 := dstIPPort.Addr().As16()
+	ipFields := &header.IPv6Fields{
+		SrcAddr:           tcpip.AddrFromSlice(srcAs16[:]),
+		DstAddr:           tcpip.AddrFromSlice(dstAs16[:]),
+		TransportProtocol: unix.IPPROTO_UDP,
+		HopLimit:          64,
+		PayloadLength:     uint16(payloadLen + udphLen),
+	}
+	if ipFn != nil {
+		ipFn(ipFields)
+	}
+	ipv6H.Encode(ipFields)
+	udpH := header.UDP(b[offset+40:])
+	udpH.Encode(&header.UDPFields{
+		SrcPort: srcIPPort.Port(),
+		DstPort: dstIPPort.Port(),
+		Length:  uint16(payloadLen + udphLen),
+	})
+	pseudoCsum := header.PseudoHeaderChecksum(unix.IPPROTO_UDP, ipv6H.SourceAddress(), ipv6H.DestinationAddress(), uint16(udphLen+payloadLen))
+	udpH.SetChecksum(^udpH.CalculateChecksum(pseudoCsum))
+	return b
+}
+
+func udp4Packet(srcIPPort, dstIPPort netip.AddrPort, payloadLen int) []byte {
+	return udp4PacketMutateIPFields(srcIPPort, dstIPPort, payloadLen, nil)
+}
+
+func tcp4PacketMutateIPFields(srcIPPort, dstIPPort netip.AddrPort, flags header.TCPFlags, segmentSize, seq uint32, ipFn func(*header.IPv4Fields)) []byte {
+	totalLen := 40 + segmentSize
+	b := make([]byte, offset+int(totalLen), 65535)
+	ipv4H := header.IPv4(b[offset:])
+	srcAs4 := srcIPPort.Addr().As4()
+	dstAs4 := dstIPPort.Addr().As4()
+	ipFields := &header.IPv4Fields{
+		SrcAddr:     tcpip.AddrFromSlice(srcAs4[:]),
+		DstAddr:     tcpip.AddrFromSlice(dstAs4[:]),
+		Protocol:    unix.IPPROTO_TCP,
+		TTL:         64,
+		TotalLength: uint16(totalLen),
+	}
+	if ipFn != nil {
+		ipFn(ipFields)
+	}
+	ipv4H.Encode(ipFields)
+	tcpH := header.TCP(b[offset+20:])
+	tcpH.Encode(&header.TCPFields{
+		SrcPort:    srcIPPort.Port(),
+		DstPort:    dstIPPort.Port(),
+		SeqNum:     seq,
+		AckNum:     1,
+		DataOffset: 20,
+		Flags:      flags,
+		WindowSize: 3000,
+	})
+	ipv4H.SetChecksum(^ipv4H.CalculateChecksum())
+	pseudoCsum := header.PseudoHeaderChecksum(unix.IPPROTO_TCP, ipv4H.SourceAddress(), ipv4H.DestinationAddress(), uint16(20+segmentSize))
+	tcpH.SetChecksum(^tcpH.CalculateChecksum(pseudoCsum))
+	return b
+}
+
+func tcp4Packet(srcIPPort, dstIPPort netip.AddrPort, flags header.TCPFlags, segmentSize, seq uint32) []byte {
+	return tcp4PacketMutateIPFields(srcIPPort, dstIPPort, flags, segmentSize, seq, nil)
+}
+
+func tcp6PacketMutateIPFields(srcIPPort, dstIPPort netip.AddrPort, flags header.TCPFlags, segmentSize, seq uint32, ipFn func(*header.IPv6Fields)) []byte {
+	totalLen := 60 + segmentSize
+	b := make([]byte, offset+int(totalLen), 65535)
+	ipv6H := header.IPv6(b[offset:])
+	srcAs16 := srcIPPort.Addr().As16()
+	dstAs16 := dstIPPort.Addr().As16()
+	ipFields := &header.IPv6Fields{
+		SrcAddr:           tcpip.AddrFromSlice(srcAs16[:]),
+		DstAddr:           tcpip.AddrFromSlice(dstAs16[:]),
+		TransportProtocol: unix.IPPROTO_TCP,
+		HopLimit:          64,
+		PayloadLength:     uint16(segmentSize + 20),
+	}
+	if ipFn != nil {
+		ipFn(ipFields)
+	}
+	ipv6H.Encode(ipFields)
+	tcpH := header.TCP(b[offset+40:])
+	tcpH.Encode(&header.TCPFields{
+		SrcPort:    srcIPPort.Port(),
+		DstPort:    dstIPPort.Port(),
+		SeqNum:     seq,
+		AckNum:     1,
+		DataOffset: 20,
+		Flags:      flags,
+		WindowSize: 3000,
+	})
+	pseudoCsum := header.PseudoHeaderChecksum(unix.IPPROTO_TCP, ipv6H.SourceAddress(), ipv6H.DestinationAddress(), uint16(20+segmentSize))
+	tcpH.SetChecksum(^tcpH.CalculateChecksum(pseudoCsum))
+	return b
+}
+
+func tcp6Packet(srcIPPort, dstIPPort netip.AddrPort, flags header.TCPFlags, segmentSize, seq uint32) []byte {
+	return tcp6PacketMutateIPFields(srcIPPort, dstIPPort, flags, segmentSize, seq, nil)
+}
+
+func Test_handleVirtioRead(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		hdr      virtioNetHdr
+		pktIn    []byte
+		wantLens []int
+		wantErr  bool
+	}{
+		{
+			"tcp4",
+			virtioNetHdr{
+				flags:      unix.VIRTIO_NET_HDR_F_NEEDS_CSUM,
+				gsoType:    unix.VIRTIO_NET_HDR_GSO_TCPV4,
+				gsoSize:    100,
+				hdrLen:     40,
+				csumStart:  20,
+				csumOffset: 16,
+			},
+			tcp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, header.TCPFlagAck|header.TCPFlagPsh, 200, 1),
+			[]int{140, 140},
+			false,
+		},
+		{
+			"tcp6",
+			virtioNetHdr{
+				flags:      unix.VIRTIO_NET_HDR_F_NEEDS_CSUM,
+				gsoType:    unix.VIRTIO_NET_HDR_GSO_TCPV6,
+				gsoSize:    100,
+				hdrLen:     60,
+				csumStart:  40,
+				csumOffset: 16,
+			},
+			tcp6Packet(ip6PortA, ip6PortB, header.TCPFlagAck|header.TCPFlagPsh, 200, 1),
+			[]int{160, 160},
+			false,
+		},
+		{
+			"udp4",
+			virtioNetHdr{
+				flags:      unix.VIRTIO_NET_HDR_F_NEEDS_CSUM,
+				gsoType:    unix.VIRTIO_NET_HDR_GSO_UDP_L4,
+				gsoSize:    100,
+				hdrLen:     28,
+				csumStart:  20,
+				csumOffset: 6,
+			},
+			udp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, 200),
+			[]int{128, 128},
+			false,
+		},
+		{
+			"udp6",
+			virtioNetHdr{
+				flags:      unix.VIRTIO_NET_HDR_F_NEEDS_CSUM,
+				gsoType:    unix.VIRTIO_NET_HDR_GSO_UDP_L4,
+				gsoSize:    100,
+				hdrLen:     48,
+				csumStart:  40,
+				csumOffset: 6,
+			},
+			udp6Packet(ip6PortA, ip6PortB, 200),
+			[]int{148, 148},
+			false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			out := make([][]byte, conn.IdealBatchSize)
+			sizes := make([]int, conn.IdealBatchSize)
+			for i := range out {
+				out[i] = make([]byte, 65535)
+			}
+			tt.hdr.encode(tt.pktIn)
+			n, err := handleVirtioRead(tt.pktIn, out, sizes, offset)
+			if err != nil {
+				if tt.wantErr {
+					return
+				}
+				t.Fatalf("got err: %v", err)
+			}
+			if n != len(tt.wantLens) {
+				t.Fatalf("got %d packets, wanted %d", n, len(tt.wantLens))
+			}
+			for i := range tt.wantLens {
+				if tt.wantLens[i] != sizes[i] {
+					t.Fatalf("wantLens[%d]: %d != outSizes: %d", i, tt.wantLens[i], sizes[i])
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func flipTCP4Checksum(b []byte) []byte {
+	at := virtioNetHdrLen + 20 + 16 // 20 byte ipv4 header; tcp csum offset is 16
+	b[at] ^= 0xFF
+	b[at+1] ^= 0xFF
+	return b
+}
+
+func flipUDP4Checksum(b []byte) []byte {
+	at := virtioNetHdrLen + 20 + 6 // 20 byte ipv4 header; udp csum offset is 6
+	b[at] ^= 0xFF
+	b[at+1] ^= 0xFF
+	return b
+}
+
+func Fuzz_handleGRO(f *testing.F) {
+	pkt0 := tcp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 1)
+	pkt1 := tcp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 101)
+	pkt2 := tcp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortC, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 201)
+	pkt3 := tcp6Packet(ip6PortA, ip6PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 1)
+	pkt4 := tcp6Packet(ip6PortA, ip6PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 101)
+	pkt5 := tcp6Packet(ip6PortA, ip6PortC, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 201)
+	pkt6 := udp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, 100)
+	pkt7 := udp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, 100)
+	pkt8 := udp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortC, 100)
+	pkt9 := udp6Packet(ip6PortA, ip6PortB, 100)
+	pkt10 := udp6Packet(ip6PortA, ip6PortB, 100)
+	pkt11 := udp6Packet(ip6PortA, ip6PortC, 100)
+	f.Add(pkt0, pkt1, pkt2, pkt3, pkt4, pkt5, pkt6, pkt7, pkt8, pkt9, pkt10, pkt11, true, offset)
+	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, pkt0, pkt1, pkt2, pkt3, pkt4, pkt5, pkt6, pkt7, pkt8, pkt9, pkt10, pkt11 []byte, canUDPGRO bool, offset int) {
+		pkts := [][]byte{pkt0, pkt1, pkt2, pkt3, pkt4, pkt5, pkt6, pkt7, pkt8, pkt9, pkt10, pkt11}
+		toWrite := make([]int, 0, len(pkts))
+		handleGRO(pkts, offset, newTCPGROTable(), newUDPGROTable(), canUDPGRO, &toWrite)
+		if len(toWrite) > len(pkts) {
+			t.Errorf("len(toWrite): %d > len(pkts): %d", len(toWrite), len(pkts))
+		}
+		seenWriteI := make(map[int]bool)
+		for _, writeI := range toWrite {
+			if writeI < 0 || writeI > len(pkts)-1 {
+				t.Errorf("toWrite value (%d) outside bounds of len(pkts): %d", writeI, len(pkts))
+			}
+			if seenWriteI[writeI] {
+				t.Errorf("duplicate toWrite value: %d", writeI)
+			}
+			seenWriteI[writeI] = true
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func Test_handleGRO(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		pktsIn      [][]byte
+		canUDPGRO   bool
+		wantToWrite []int
+		wantLens    []int
+		wantErr     bool
+	}{
+		{
+			"multiple protocols and flows",
+			[][]byte{
+				tcp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 1),   // tcp4 flow 1
+				udp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, 100),                         // udp4 flow 1
+				udp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortC, 100),                         // udp4 flow 2
+				tcp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 101), // tcp4 flow 1
+				tcp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortC, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 201), // tcp4 flow 2
+				tcp6Packet(ip6PortA, ip6PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 1),   // tcp6 flow 1
+				tcp6Packet(ip6PortA, ip6PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 101), // tcp6 flow 1
+				tcp6Packet(ip6PortA, ip6PortC, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 201), // tcp6 flow 2
+				udp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, 100),                         // udp4 flow 1
+				udp6Packet(ip6PortA, ip6PortB, 100),                         // udp6 flow 1
+				udp6Packet(ip6PortA, ip6PortB, 100),                         // udp6 flow 1
+			},
+			true,
+			[]int{0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9},
+			[]int{240, 228, 128, 140, 260, 160, 248},
+			false,
+		},
+		{
+			"multiple protocols and flows no UDP GRO",
+			[][]byte{
+				tcp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 1),   // tcp4 flow 1
+				udp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, 100),                         // udp4 flow 1
+				udp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortC, 100),                         // udp4 flow 2
+				tcp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 101), // tcp4 flow 1
+				tcp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortC, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 201), // tcp4 flow 2
+				tcp6Packet(ip6PortA, ip6PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 1),   // tcp6 flow 1
+				tcp6Packet(ip6PortA, ip6PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 101), // tcp6 flow 1
+				tcp6Packet(ip6PortA, ip6PortC, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 201), // tcp6 flow 2
+				udp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, 100),                         // udp4 flow 1
+				udp6Packet(ip6PortA, ip6PortB, 100),                         // udp6 flow 1
+				udp6Packet(ip6PortA, ip6PortB, 100),                         // udp6 flow 1
+			},
+			false,
+			[]int{0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10},
+			[]int{240, 128, 128, 140, 260, 160, 128, 148, 148},
+			false,
+		},
+		{
+			"PSH interleaved",
+			[][]byte{
+				tcp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 1),                     // v4 flow 1
+				tcp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, header.TCPFlagAck|header.TCPFlagPsh, 100, 101), // v4 flow 1
+				tcp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 201),                   // v4 flow 1
+				tcp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 301),                   // v4 flow 1
+				tcp6Packet(ip6PortA, ip6PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 1),                     // v6 flow 1
+				tcp6Packet(ip6PortA, ip6PortB, header.TCPFlagAck|header.TCPFlagPsh, 100, 101), // v6 flow 1
+				tcp6Packet(ip6PortA, ip6PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 201),                   // v6 flow 1
+				tcp6Packet(ip6PortA, ip6PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 301),                   // v6 flow 1
+			},
+			true,
+			[]int{0, 2, 4, 6},
+			[]int{240, 240, 260, 260},
+			false,
+		},
+		{
+			"coalesceItemInvalidCSum",
+			[][]byte{
+				flipTCP4Checksum(tcp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 1)), // v4 flow 1 seq 1 len 100
+				tcp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 101),                 // v4 flow 1 seq 101 len 100
+				tcp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 201),                 // v4 flow 1 seq 201 len 100
+				flipUDP4Checksum(udp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, 100)),
+				udp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, 100),
+				udp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, 100),
+			},
+			true,
+			[]int{0, 1, 3, 4},
+			[]int{140, 240, 128, 228},
+			false,
+		},
+		{
+			"out of order",
+			[][]byte{
+				tcp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 101), // v4 flow 1 seq 101 len 100
+				tcp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 1),   // v4 flow 1 seq 1 len 100
+				tcp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 201), // v4 flow 1 seq 201 len 100
+			},
+			true,
+			[]int{0},
+			[]int{340},
+			false,
+		},
+		{
+			"unequal TTL",
+			[][]byte{
+				tcp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 1),
+				tcp4PacketMutateIPFields(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 101, func(fields *header.IPv4Fields) {
+					fields.TTL++
+				}),
+				udp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, 100),
+				udp4PacketMutateIPFields(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, 100, func(fields *header.IPv4Fields) {
+					fields.TTL++
+				}),
+			},
+			true,
+			[]int{0, 1, 2, 3},
+			[]int{140, 140, 128, 128},
+			false,
+		},
+		{
+			"unequal ToS",
+			[][]byte{
+				tcp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 1),
+				tcp4PacketMutateIPFields(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 101, func(fields *header.IPv4Fields) {
+					fields.TOS++
+				}),
+				udp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, 100),
+				udp4PacketMutateIPFields(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, 100, func(fields *header.IPv4Fields) {
+					fields.TOS++
+				}),
+			},
+			true,
+			[]int{0, 1, 2, 3},
+			[]int{140, 140, 128, 128},
+			false,
+		},
+		{
+			"unequal flags more fragments set",
+			[][]byte{
+				tcp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 1),
+				tcp4PacketMutateIPFields(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 101, func(fields *header.IPv4Fields) {
+					fields.Flags = 1
+				}),
+				udp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, 100),
+				udp4PacketMutateIPFields(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, 100, func(fields *header.IPv4Fields) {
+					fields.Flags = 1
+				}),
+			},
+			true,
+			[]int{0, 1, 2, 3},
+			[]int{140, 140, 128, 128},
+			false,
+		},
+		{
+			"unequal flags DF set",
+			[][]byte{
+				tcp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 1),
+				tcp4PacketMutateIPFields(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 101, func(fields *header.IPv4Fields) {
+					fields.Flags = 2
+				}),
+				udp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, 100),
+				udp4PacketMutateIPFields(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, 100, func(fields *header.IPv4Fields) {
+					fields.Flags = 2
+				}),
+			},
+			true,
+			[]int{0, 1, 2, 3},
+			[]int{140, 140, 128, 128},
+			false,
+		},
+		{
+			"ipv6 unequal hop limit",
+			[][]byte{
+				tcp6Packet(ip6PortA, ip6PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 1),
+				tcp6PacketMutateIPFields(ip6PortA, ip6PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 101, func(fields *header.IPv6Fields) {
+					fields.HopLimit++
+				}),
+				udp6Packet(ip6PortA, ip6PortB, 100),
+				udp6PacketMutateIPFields(ip6PortA, ip6PortB, 100, func(fields *header.IPv6Fields) {
+					fields.HopLimit++
+				}),
+			},
+			true,
+			[]int{0, 1, 2, 3},
+			[]int{160, 160, 148, 148},
+			false,
+		},
+		{
+			"ipv6 unequal traffic class",
+			[][]byte{
+				tcp6Packet(ip6PortA, ip6PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 1),
+				tcp6PacketMutateIPFields(ip6PortA, ip6PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 101, func(fields *header.IPv6Fields) {
+					fields.TrafficClass++
+				}),
+				udp6Packet(ip6PortA, ip6PortB, 100),
+				udp6PacketMutateIPFields(ip6PortA, ip6PortB, 100, func(fields *header.IPv6Fields) {
+					fields.TrafficClass++
+				}),
+			},
+			true,
+			[]int{0, 1, 2, 3},
+			[]int{160, 160, 148, 148},
+			false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			toWrite := make([]int, 0, len(tt.pktsIn))
+			err := handleGRO(tt.pktsIn, offset, newTCPGROTable(), newUDPGROTable(), tt.canUDPGRO, &toWrite)
+			if err != nil {
+				if tt.wantErr {
+					return
+				}
+				t.Fatalf("got err: %v", err)
+			}
+			if len(toWrite) != len(tt.wantToWrite) {
+				t.Fatalf("got %d packets, wanted %d", len(toWrite), len(tt.wantToWrite))
+			}
+			for i, pktI := range tt.wantToWrite {
+				if tt.wantToWrite[i] != toWrite[i] {
+					t.Fatalf("wantToWrite[%d]: %d != toWrite: %d", i, tt.wantToWrite[i], toWrite[i])
+				}
+				if tt.wantLens[i] != len(tt.pktsIn[pktI][offset:]) {
+					t.Errorf("wanted len %d packet at %d, got: %d", tt.wantLens[i], i, len(tt.pktsIn[pktI][offset:]))
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_packetIsGROCandidate(t *testing.T) {
+	tcp4 := tcp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 1)[virtioNetHdrLen:]
+	tcp4TooShort := tcp4[:39]
+	ip4InvalidHeaderLen := make([]byte, len(tcp4))
+	copy(ip4InvalidHeaderLen, tcp4)
+	ip4InvalidHeaderLen[0] = 0x46
+	ip4InvalidProtocol := make([]byte, len(tcp4))
+	copy(ip4InvalidProtocol, tcp4)
+	ip4InvalidProtocol[9] = unix.IPPROTO_GRE
+
+	tcp6 := tcp6Packet(ip6PortA, ip6PortB, header.TCPFlagAck, 100, 1)[virtioNetHdrLen:]
+	tcp6TooShort := tcp6[:59]
+	ip6InvalidProtocol := make([]byte, len(tcp6))
+	copy(ip6InvalidProtocol, tcp6)
+	ip6InvalidProtocol[6] = unix.IPPROTO_GRE
+
+	udp4 := udp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, 100)[virtioNetHdrLen:]
+	udp4TooShort := udp4[:27]
+
+	udp6 := udp6Packet(ip6PortA, ip6PortB, 100)[virtioNetHdrLen:]
+	udp6TooShort := udp6[:47]
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		b         []byte
+		canUDPGRO bool
+		want      groCandidateType
+	}{
+		{
+			"tcp4",
+			tcp4,
+			true,
+			tcp4GROCandidate,
+		},
+		{
+			"tcp6",
+			tcp6,
+			true,
+			tcp6GROCandidate,
+		},
+		{
+			"udp4",
+			udp4,
+			true,
+			udp4GROCandidate,
+		},
+		{
+			"udp4 no support",
+			udp4,
+			false,
+			notGROCandidate,
+		},
+		{
+			"udp6",
+			udp6,
+			true,
+			udp6GROCandidate,
+		},
+		{
+			"udp6 no support",
+			udp6,
+			false,
+			notGROCandidate,
+		},
+		{
+			"udp4 too short",
+			udp4TooShort,
+			true,
+			notGROCandidate,
+		},
+		{
+			"udp6 too short",
+			udp6TooShort,
+			true,
+			notGROCandidate,
+		},
+		{
+			"tcp4 too short",
+			tcp4TooShort,
+			true,
+			notGROCandidate,
+		},
+		{
+			"tcp6 too short",
+			tcp6TooShort,
+			true,
+			notGROCandidate,
+		},
+		{
+			"invalid IP version",
+			[]byte{0x00},
+			true,
+			notGROCandidate,
+		},
+		{
+			"invalid IP header len",
+			ip4InvalidHeaderLen,
+			true,
+			notGROCandidate,
+		},
+		{
+			"ip4 invalid protocol",
+			ip4InvalidProtocol,
+			true,
+			notGROCandidate,
+		},
+		{
+			"ip6 invalid protocol",
+			ip6InvalidProtocol,
+			true,
+			notGROCandidate,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := packetIsGROCandidate(tt.b, tt.canUDPGRO); got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("packetIsGROCandidate() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_udpPacketsCanCoalesce(t *testing.T) {
+	udp4a := udp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, 100)
+	udp4b := udp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, 100)
+	udp4c := udp4Packet(ip4PortA, ip4PortB, 110)
+
+	type args struct {
+		pkt        []byte
+		iphLen     uint8
+		gsoSize    uint16
+		item       udpGROItem
+		bufs       [][]byte
+		bufsOffset int
+	}
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		args args
+		want canCoalesce
+	}{
+		{
+			"coalesceAppend equal gso",
+			args{
+				pkt:     udp4a[offset:],
+				iphLen:  20,
+				gsoSize: 100,
+				item: udpGROItem{
+					gsoSize: 100,
+					iphLen:  20,
+				},
+				bufs: [][]byte{
+					udp4a,
+					udp4b,
+				},
+				bufsOffset: offset,
+			},
+			coalesceAppend,
+		},
+		{
+			"coalesceAppend smaller gso",
+			args{
+				pkt:     udp4a[offset : len(udp4a)-90],
+				iphLen:  20,
+				gsoSize: 10,
+				item: udpGROItem{
+					gsoSize: 100,
+					iphLen:  20,
+				},
+				bufs: [][]byte{
+					udp4a,
+					udp4b,
+				},
+				bufsOffset: offset,
+			},
+			coalesceAppend,
+		},
+		{
+			"coalesceUnavailable smaller gso previously appended",
+			args{
+				pkt:     udp4a[offset:],
+				iphLen:  20,
+				gsoSize: 100,
+				item: udpGROItem{
+					gsoSize: 100,
+					iphLen:  20,
+				},
+				bufs: [][]byte{
+					udp4c,
+					udp4b,
+				},
+				bufsOffset: offset,
+			},
+			coalesceUnavailable,
+		},
+		{
+			"coalesceUnavailable larger following smaller",
+			args{
+				pkt:     udp4c[offset:],
+				iphLen:  20,
+				gsoSize: 110,
+				item: udpGROItem{
+					gsoSize: 100,
+					iphLen:  20,
+				},
+				bufs: [][]byte{
+					udp4a,
+					udp4c,
+				},
+				bufsOffset: offset,
+			},
+			coalesceUnavailable,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := udpPacketsCanCoalesce(tt.args.pkt, tt.args.iphLen, tt.args.gsoSize, tt.args.item, tt.args.bufs, tt.args.bufsOffset); got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("udpPacketsCanCoalesce() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

tun/operateonfd.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package tun

tun/tun.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2017-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2017-2023 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
  */
 
 package tun
@@ -18,12 +18,36 @@ const (
 )
 
 type Device interface {
-	File() *os.File                 // returns the file descriptor of the device
-	Read([]byte, int) (int, error)  // read a packet from the device (without any additional headers)
-	Write([]byte, int) (int, error) // writes a packet to the device (without any additional headers)
-	Flush() error                   // flush all previous writes to the device
-	MTU() (int, error)              // returns the MTU of the device
-	Name() (string, error)          // fetches and returns the current name
-	Events() chan Event             // returns a constant channel of events related to the device
-	Close() error                   // stops the device and closes the event channel
+	// File returns the file descriptor of the device.
+	File() *os.File
+
+	// Read one or more packets from the Device (without any additional headers).
+	// On a successful read it returns the number of packets read, and sets
+	// packet lengths within the sizes slice. len(sizes) must be >= len(bufs).
+	// A nonzero offset can be used to instruct the Device on where to begin
+	// reading into each element of the bufs slice.
+	Read(bufs [][]byte, sizes []int, offset int) (n int, err error)
+
+	// Write one or more packets to the device (without any additional headers).
+	// On a successful write it returns the number of packets written. A nonzero
+	// offset can be used to instruct the Device on where to begin writing from
+	// each packet contained within the bufs slice.
+	Write(bufs [][]byte, offset int) (int, error)
+
+	// MTU returns the MTU of the Device.
+	MTU() (int, error)
+
+	// Name returns the current name of the Device.
+	Name() (string, error)
+
+	// Events returns a channel of type Event, which is fed Device events.
+	Events() <-chan Event
+
+	// Close stops the Device and closes the Event channel.
+	Close() error
+
+	// BatchSize returns the preferred/max number of packets that can be read or
+	// written in a single read/write call. BatchSize must not change over the
+	// lifetime of a Device.
+	BatchSize() int
 }